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Table 3 Between-group differences and effect sizes in foot mobility (with 95% confidence intervals)

From: Age-related differences in foot mobility in individuals with patellofemoral pain

 

Foot mobility (mean [SD])

Between-group differences (95% CI)

 

18–29 years (n = 70)

30–39 years (n = 101)

40–50 years (n = 23)

18–29 v 30–39

18–29 v 40–50

30–39 v 40–50

    

MD

SMD

MD

SMD

MD

SMD

Midfoot width difference (mm)

9.4 (3.8)

9.5 (3.4)

9.8 (3.4)

0.1 (−1.2 to 1.3)

−0.03 (−0.33 to 0.28)

0.2 (−1.8 to 2.2)

− 0.11 (− 0.58 to 0.36)

0.2 (− 1.8 to 2.1)

− 0.09 (− 0.54 to 0.36)

Midfoot height difference (mm)

14.8 (3.4)

13.6 (3.0)

11.7 (3.4)

1.3 (0.1 to 2.4)*

0.38 (0.07 to 0.69)*

3 (1.2 to 4.9)*

0.91 (0.42 to 1.4)*

1.8 (0.00 to 3.6)*

0.62 (0.16 to 1.1)*

Foot mobility magnitude (mm)

17.9 (3.9)

16.9 (3.4)

15.5 (4.1)

1.1 (−0.2 to 2.4)

0.27 (−0.03 to 0.58)

2.7 (0.6 to 4.8)*

0.61 (0.13 to 1.09)*

1.6 (− 0.5 to 3.7)

0.4 (− 0.06 to 0.85)

  1. *p < 0.05; positive effect size indicates smaller value in older group
  2. MD mean difference, SMD standardised mean difference