From: Centre of pressure characteristics in normal, planus and cavus feet
Normal mean (SD) | Planus mean (SD) | Cavus mean (SD) | Planus vs normal mean difference (95% CI) ESa | Cavus vs normal mean difference (95% CI) ESa | Planus vs cavus mean difference (95% CI) ESa | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Loading response | ||||||
Average | 0.945 (0.142) | 0.887 (0.116) | 0.978 (0.206) | − 0.058 (− 0.156 to 0.039) | 0.033 (− 0.068 to 0.134) | −0.091 (− 0.194 to 0.012) |
Maximum | 1.169 (0.199) | 1.164 (0.255) | 1.289 (0.353) | −0.005 (− 0.176 to 0.167) | 0.119 (− 0.057 to 0.296) | −0.124 (− 0.304 to 0.055) |
Minimum | 0.711 (0.181) | 0.631 (0.207) | 0.715 (0.221) | −0.079 (− 0.206 to 0.046) | 0.004 (− 0.126 to 0.134) | −0.084 (− 0.217 to 0.050) |
Range | 0.507 (0.220) | 0.523 (0.275) | 0.573 (0.281) | 0.016 (−0.144 to 0.175) | 0.066 (− 0.100 to 0.233) | − 0.050 (− 0.219 to 0.118) |
Midstance | ||||||
Average | 1.400 (0.249) | 1.276 (0.161) | 1.343 (0.199) | −0.124 (− 0.255 to 0.008) | −0.056 (− 0.192 to 0.079) | −0.067 (− 0.208 to 0.073) |
Maximum | 1.592 (0.263) | 1.450 (0.207) | 1.561 (0.259) | −0.142 (− 0.297 to 0.012) | −0.032 (− 0.192 to 0.128) | −0.111 (− 0.275 to 0.054) |
Minimum | 1.077 (0.141) | 1.025 (0.178) | 1.070 (0.189) | −0.052 (− 0.158 to 0.054) | −0.007 (− 0.117 to 0.103) | −0.044 (− 0.157 to 0.068) |
Range | 0.527 (0.295) | 0.405 (0.173) | 0.493 (0.238) | −0.122 (− 0.274 to 0.029) | −0.033 (− 0.189 to 0.123) | −0.089 (− 0.249 to 0.072) |
Terminal stance | ||||||
Average | 1.235 (0.204) | 1.153 (0.115) | 1.148 (0.157) | −0.082 (− 0.186 to 0.022) | −0.087 (− 0.193 to 0.019) | 0.005 (− 0.105 to 0.115) |
Maximum | 1.474 (0.193) | 1.383 (0.139) | 1.437 (0.262) | −0.090 (− 0.219 to 0.038) | −0.036 (− 0.168 to 0.095) | −0.054 (− 0.189 to 0.080) |
Minimum | 0.941 (0.189) | 0.954 (0.163) | 0.891 (0.149) | 0.013 (−0.092 to 0.118) | −0.049 (− 0.158 to 0.059) | 0.063 (− 0.049 to 0.175) |
Range | 0.617 (0.372) | 0.426 (0.183) | 0.546 (0.281) | −0.190 (− 0.375 to − 0.006) 0.65b | −0.070 (− 0.259 to 0.118) | −0.120 (− 0.317 to 0.077) |
Pre-swing | ||||||
Average | 0.838 (0.186) | 0.772 (0.151) | 0.782 (0.121) | −0.065 (− 0.165 to 0.033) | −0.056 (− 0.158 to 0.047) | −0.009 (− 0.116 to 0.096) |
Maximum | 1.118 (0.208) | 1.120 (0.241) | 1.055 (0.121) | 0.002 (−0.126 to 0.131) | −0.063 (− 0.195 to 0.069) | 0.065 (− 0.068 to 0.200) |
Minimum | 0.513 (0.136) | 0.459 (0.102) | 0.494 (0.124) | 0.054 (−0.024 to 0.132) | 0.019 (−0.061 to 0.098) | 0.035 (− 0.046 to 0.116) |
Range | 1.631 (0.243) | 1.579 (0.263) | 1.538 (0.167) | −0.052 (− 0.200 to 0.097) | −0.093 (− 0.246 to 0.060) | 0.041 (− 0.114 to 0.196) |