Survival and associated risk factors in patients with diabetes and amputations caused by infectious foot gangrene

Table 1 Demographics and clinical characteristics of the patients with diabetes and infectious foot gangrene and risk factors for mortality in a Cox proportional hazards model (Total number: 157)

Characteristic	Mean (standard deviation) or Number (%)		Multivariate⁺ analysis
Characteristic	Mean (standard deviation) or Number (%)		Mortality HR (95% CI)	P value
Age (years)	66.8	(±10.8)	1.04^*(1.01–1.06)	0.01
Gender				0.37
Female	58	(36.9%)	1
Male	99	(63.1%)	0.79 (0.46–1.33)
Diabetes duration (years)	12.8	(±8.4)	1.14 (0.92–1.43)	0.24
Smoking status	34	(21.7%)	1.48 (0.73–3.01)	0.28
Hypertension	111	(70.7%)	1.06 (0.63–1.80)	0.83
Major adverse cardiac events	52	(33.1%)	1.48 (0.88–2.50)	0.14
Abnormal ABI	104	(66.2%)	1.28 (0.67–2.42)	0.46
Renal function
Normal renal function (eGFR ≥60)	58	(36.9%)	1
Chronic kidney disease (eGFR <60)	59	(37.6%)	0.87 (0.48–1.59)	0.66
Dialysis	40	(25.5%)	2.09^{^}(0.99–4.41)	0.05
HbA1c (%)	9.4	(±2.7)	1.02 (0.92–1.13)	0.71
Limb amputation status
Minor LEA	67	(42.7%)	1
Major LEA	90	(57.3%)	1.80^*(1.05–3.09)	0.03

^*Significance: P value <0.05
^{^}Borderline significance: P value = 0.05
⁺Including continuous variables of age, diabetes duration, and HbA1c; and categorical variables of gender, smoking status, hypertension, major adverse cardiac events, ankle-brachial index, renal function and LEA status
HR hazard ratio, ABI ankle-brachial index, eGFR estimated glomerular filtration rate, LEA lower-extremity amputation