Table 2 Change in maximum force, contact area and peak plantar pressure between baseline and follow-upa (values are means (SD)s unless otherwise indicated)
Baseline | Follow-up | Mean difference | 95% CI | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Maximum force (kg) | ||||
Whole foot | 64.6 (19.3) | 71.1 (22.1) | 6.5 | 3.2 to 9.7 |
Heel | 36.4 (10.5) | 41.9 (12.0) | 5.5 | 3.5 to 7.4 |
Midfoot | 13.8 (9.1) | 13.4 (8.9) | −0.4 | −1.9 to 1.2 |
Forefoot | 47.8 (13.8) | 51.6 (16.1) | 3.8 | 1.5 to 6.1 |
Hallux | 8.0 (2.9) | 8.2 (2.7) | 0.2 | −0.4 to 0.7 |
Lesser toes | 4.5 (1.9) | 4.5 (1.9) | 0 | −0.5 to 0.5 |
Contact area (cm2) | ||||
Whole foot | 109.1 (17.1) | 112.7 (16.7) | 3.6 | 2.2 to 4.9 |
Heel | 31.0 (4.5) | 32.6 (4.7) | 1.6 | 0.9 to 2.4 |
Midfoot | 25.6 (9.3) | 23.2 (8.0) | −2.4 | −3.8 to −1.1 |
Forefoot | 47.8 (6.4) | 49.2 (6.8) | 1.4 | 0.6 to 2.3 |
Hallux | 9.8 (1.7) | 10.6 (1.6) | 0.8 | 0.2 to 1.1* |
Lesser toes | 9.5 (2.9) | 11.0 (2.4) | 1.5 | 0.7 to 2.1* |
Peak pressure (kPa) | ||||
Whole foot | 238 (37) | 247 (42) | 9 | −1 to 18 |
Heel | 197 (45) | 222 (39) | 25 | 14 to 37* |
Midfoot | 92 (44) | 90 (45) | −2 | −12 to 8 |
Forefoot | 233 (40) | 238 (46) | 5 | −4 to 16 |
Hallux | 155 (42) | 150 (40) | −5 | −14 to 6 |
Lesser toes | 77 (29) | 74 (26) | −3 | −10 to 4 |