From: Inter-segmental motions of the foot: differences between younger and older healthy adult females
Older female (n = 50) | Young female (n = 50) | p value | |
---|---|---|---|
Hallux relative to forefoot (°) | |||
Max DF | 24.3 ± 6.3 | 30.8 ± 5.2 | < 0.001 |
Max PF | 11.6 ± 4.4 | 9.5 ± 3.7 | 0.034 |
ROM | 35.9 ± 4.2 | 40.3 ± 4.3 | < 0.001 |
Min Val | 6.7 ± 6.8 | 0.9 ± 7.2 | < 0.001 |
Max Val | 15.0 ± 6.1 | 11.3 ± 6.7 | 0.004 |
ROM | 8.4 ± 2.9 | 10.4 ± 2.9 | 0.001 |
Forefoot relative to hindfoot (°) | |||
Max DF | 4.9 ± 3.0 | 3.5 ± 3.7 | 0.032 |
Max PF | 8.6 ± 3.8 | 11.2 ± 3.9 | <0.001 |
ROM | 13.5 ± 3.3 | 14.8 ± 2.8 | 0.023 |
Max Sup | 15.2 ± 5.0 | 11.8 ± 4.0 | 0.001 |
Min Sup | 5.1 ± 4.4 | 3.1 ± 4.5 | 0.089 |
ROM | 10.1 ± 3.2 | 8.7 ± 2.6 | 0.014 |
Max Add | 0.5 ± 4.7 | −0.5 ± 6.4 | 0.411 |
Max Abd | 10.9 ± 4.6 | 11.0 ± 6.0 | 0.965 |
ROM | 11.4 ± 2.9 | 10.5 ± 3.3 | 0.098 |
Hindfoot relative to tibia (°) | |||
Max DF | 13.6 ± 3.1 | 14.0 ± 3.0 | 0.484 |
Max PF | 7.8 ± 4.2 | 11.5 ± 5.9 | 0.001 |
ROM | 21.4 ± 3.6 | 25.5 ± 5.3 | < 0.001 |
Max Sup | 7.6 ± 4.7 | 11.3 ± 4.2 | < 0.001 |
Max Pron | 3.7 ± 3.9 | 1.5 ± 3.9 | 0.015 |
ROM | 11.3 ± 3.3 | 12.8 ± 3.5 | 0.053 |
Max IR | 10.1 ± 7.9 | 9.8 ± 7.7 | 0.911 |
Max ER | 2.5 ± 6.0 | 3.4 ± 6.3 | 0.650 |
ROM | 12.6 ± 3.9 | 13.2 ± 4.9 | 0.392 |
n Archa | |||
Max | 29.7 ± 3.1 | 28.6 ± 3.6 | 0.090 |
Min | 22.3 ± 3.1 | 19.6 ± 4.3 | 0.001 |
Range | 7.5 ± 1.9 | 9.0 ± 2.1 | < 0.001 |
Max | 108.1 ± 4.1 | 103.7 ± 3.7 | < 0.001 |
Min | 119.7 ± 3.9 | 116.7 ± 3.6 | < 0.001 |
Range | 11.5 ± 1.8 | 13.0 ± 1.7 | < 0.001 |
Arch index@ | |||
Max | 0.25 ± 0.03 | 0.25 ± 0.03 | 0.791 |
Min | 0.21 ± 0.03 | 0.19 ± 0.04 | 0.001 |
Range | 0.04 ± 0.02 | 0.06 ± 0.02 | < 0.001 |
Foot progression angle (°) | |||
Max ER | 21.0 ± 6.4 | 20.4 ± 6.6 | 0.110 |
Min ER | 6.6 ± 5.6 | 5.0 ± 3.5 | 0.426 |
Range | 14.4 ± 4.2 | 15.4 ± 5.4 | 0.568 |