Table 1 Characteristics of the study participants by age group
From: Age-related reduction and independent predictors of toe flexor strength in middle-aged men
|  | Total | 35–39 years | 40–44 years | 45–49 years | 50–54 years | 55–59 years | Pa |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
N = | 1401 | 315 | 198 | 140 | 343 | 405 | Â |
Age (years) | 48.0 ± 8.1 | 36.0 ± 1.4 | 42.3 ± 1.8* | 47.5 ± 0.5*†| 51.6 ± 0.5*†‡ | 57.2 ± 1.8*†‡§ | < 0.001 |
Height (cm) | 170.5 ± 5.9 | 171.5 ± 5.7 | 172.4 ± 5.5 | 171.3 ± 5.3 | 170.0 ± 6.0*†| 168.9 ± 5.9*†‡ | < 0.001 |
BM (kg) | 67.9 ± 10.1 | 67.2 ± 10.2 | 70.0 ± 10.2* | 68.9 ± 8.9 | 67.8 ± 9.9 | 67.3 ± 10.5†| 0.012 |
%fat (%) | 22.4 ± 5.6 | 22.1 ± 5.8 | 22.7 ± 5.5 | 22.6 ± 4.7 | 23.0 ± 5.9 | 22.1 ± 5.4 | 0.162 |
LBM (kg) | 52.3 ± 5.5 | 51.9 ± 5.1 | 53.7 ± 5.4* | 53.1 ± 5.0 | 51.9 ± 5.5†| 52.0 ± 5.8†| < 0.001 |
FM (kg) | 11.8 ± 3.6 | 11.5 ± 3.7 | 12.3 ± 3.6 | 12.0 ± 3.1 | 12.0 ± 3.6 | 11.6 ± 3.5 | 0.101 |
BMI (kg/m2) | 23.4 ± 3.3 | 22.8 ± 3.3 | 23.5 ± 3.3 | 23.5 ± 2.6 | 23.5 ± 3.2 | 23.6 ± 3.4 | 0.018 |
LBMI (kg/m2) | 18.0 ± 1.5 | 17.6 ± 1.5 | 18.0 ± 1.6* | 18.1 ± 1.2* | 17.9 ± 1.6 | 18.2 ± 1.6* | < 0.001 |
WC (cm) | 81.9 ± 8.9 | 79.3 ± 8.5 | 81.7 ± 9.2* | 81.5 ± 7.6* | 82.6 ± 8.7* | 83.4 ± 9.1* | < 0.001 |
FBG (mg/dL) | 99.4 ± 11.5 | 93.7 ± 11.5 | 96.6 ± 11.5 | 98.8 ± 19.4*†| 100.1 ± 15.8*†| 104.8 ± 17.6*†‡§ | < 0.001 |
SBP (mmHg) | 118.4 ± 13.8 | 114.5 ± 11.3 | 115.4 ± 12.8 | 116.7 ± 13.6 | 119.7 ± 13.6*†| 122.3 ± 15.2*†‡ | < 0.001 |
DBP (mmHg) | 76.9 ± 9.3 | 73.8 ± 8.2 | 75.7 ± 8.4 | 77.2 ± 9.1 | 78.1 ± 9.6*†| 78.8 ± 9.6*†| < 0.001 |
TG (mg/dL) | 116.7 ± 88.1 | 100.7 ± 68.4 | 110.5 ± 84.4 | 131.1 ± 111.7* | 120.1 ± 77.5 | 124.3 ± 100.3* | 0.001 |
HDL-C (mg/dL) | 60.6 ± 16.2 | 60.8 ± 15.2 | 61.3 ± 16.3 | 59.2 ± 15.5 | 59.7 ± 16.5 | 61.4 ± 16.7 | 0.487 |
LDL-C m (g/dL) | 126.4 ± 29.9 | 122.2 ± 31.5 | 125.3 ± 29.3 | 130.0 ± 31.2* | 129.7 ± 28.8* | 126.2 ± 28.9 | 0.012 |
Total protein (g/dL) | 7.12 ± 0.36 | 7.14 ± 0.34 | 7.11 ± 0.33 | 7.13 ± 0.36 | 7.09 ± 0.37 | 7.12 ± 0.36 | 0.538 |
Albumin (g/dL) | 4.51 ± 0.25 | 4.59 ± 0.24 | 4.53 ± 0.23 | 4.53 ± 0.27* | 4.49 ± 0.24* | 4.46 ± 0.26*†‡ | < 0.001 |
Sleeping time (h/day) | 6.21 ± 0.93 | 6.18 ± 0.97 | 6.10 ± 1.00 | 6.08 ± 0.77 | 6.21 ± 0.90 | 6.32 ± 0.94‡ | 0.021 |
Exercise habit (%)b,c | 67.5 | 58.1 | 59.6 | 74.3*†| 70.8*†| 73.6*†| < 0.001 |
Drinkers (%)b | 76.8 | 76.2 | 75.3 | 79.3 | 74.6 | 79.0 | 0.586 |
Current smokers (%)b | 38.5 | 41.9 | 35.9 | 30.7 | 42.3 | 36.5 | 0.077 |
Former smokers (%)b | 15.2 | 8.6 | 13.1 | 17.1* | 19.5* | 17.0* | 0.001 |
Never smokers (%)b | 46.3 | 49.5 | 51.0 | 52.1 | 38.1*†‡ | 46.4§ | 0.007 |