Table 4 Muscle activity (normalized as% MVC) of vastus lateralis, tibialis anterior and lateral gastrocnemius during turn initiation, turn around and turn termination with the dominant foot inside while turning
| Â | Maximum | Mean | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Â | Vastus lateralis | Tibialis anterior | Lateral gastrocnemius | Vastus lateralis | Tibialis anterior | Lateral gastrocnemius | ||||||
Turn initiation | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
Insole I | 18.4 | (5.8) | 21.6 | (5.5) | 21.9 | (12.7) | 7.5 | (3.1) | 10.9 | (3.1) | 8.3 | (3.3) |
Insole II | 16.9 | (5.7) | 22.3 | (6.3) | 20.1 | (7.5) | 7.2 | (2.7) | 11.5 | (3.6) | 8.3 | (3.2) |
Insole III | 17.7 | (6.1) | 20.7 | (5.0) | 21.7 | (11.6) | 7.2 | (3.0) | 10.5 | (2.7) | 8.3 | (3.5) |
Insole II % change | −8.5 | 2.9 | −8.2 | −3.7 | 5.8 | 0.7 | ||||||
Insole III % change | −4.0 | −4.2 | −0.8 | −4.0 | −3.4 | −0.2 | ||||||
Turn around | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
Insole I | 22.6 | (6.2) | 20.4 | (6.1) | 25.1 | (7.9) | 9.1 | (3.0) | 11.8 | (4.0) | 9.5 | (3.4) |
Insole II | 19.5 | (6.5) | 22.6 | (7.9) | 24.4 | (6.8) | 8.1 | (2.4) | 12.8 | (5.0) | 9.3 | (3.8) |
Insole III | 18.8 | (6.1) | 21.3 | (7.3) | 25.6 | (5.7) | 7.9 | (2.9) | 11.5 | (3.9) | 10.5 | (2.5) |
Insole II % change | −13.6 | 10.5 | −2.6 | −11.8 | 8.3 | −2.3 | ||||||
Insole III % change | −16.9 | 4.3 | 2.1 | −13.4 | −3.1 | 9.8 | ||||||
F-test value (η2) & significance | * |  |  |  |  |  | ||||||
Pairwise significance | I-III | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | ||||||
Turn termination | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
Insole I | 21.9 | (6.5) | 27.0 | (9.7) | 32.7 | (15.8) | 8.6 | (3.2) | 13.0 | (4.7) | 10.6 | (3.7) |
Insole II | 18.7 | (7.0) | 24.0 | (6.2) | 29.5 | (12.6) | 7.7 | (3.0) | 12.1 | (3.6) | 10.4 | (3.6) |
Insole III | 19.2 | (6.0) | 25.4 | (9.4) | 31.2 | (17.5) | 7.7 | (3.0) | 12.5 | (4.5) | 10.2 | (4.2) |
Insole II % change | −14.6 | −11.0 | −9.8 | −9.9 | −7.5 | −1.6 | ||||||
Insole III % change | −12.4 | −5.9 | −4.6 | −9.8 | −4.3 | −3.4 | ||||||