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Table 3 Pressure–time integral (kPa s) in 9 plantar subareas during turn initiation, turn around and turn termination with the dominant foot inside while turning

From: Effects of custom-made textile insoles on plantar pressure distribution and lower limb EMG activity during turning

 

Hallux

Toes

MTH 1

MTHs 2-3

MTHs 4-5

Medial MF

lateral MF

Medial heel

Lateral heel

Turn initiation

 

Insole I

44.3

(12.7)

39.7

(9.0)

40.1

(11.1)

39.9

(8.7)

37.4

(8.0)

20.7

(3.8)

33.3

(10.7)

31.1

(6.1)

37.8

(19.4)

Insole II

39.7

(13.3)

30.3

(6.9)

32.2

(10.1)

34.5

(5.9)

34.4

(9.2)

17.8

(4.4)

30.2

(8.5)

28.6

(5.8)

33.4

(10.8)

Insole III

44.6

(21.2)

32.1

(8.2)

37.8

(14.8)

36.9

(10.2)

33.2

(9.3)

19.8

(5.2)

28.4

(6.8)

30.3

(7.8)

35.3

(15.7)

Insole II % change

−10.3

−23.7

−19.5

−13.6

−8.0

−14.1

−9.2

−8.0

−11.8

Insole III % change

0.7

−19.0

−5.6

−7.5

−11.3

−4.1

−14.6

−2.7

−6.6

F-test value (η2) & significance

 

18.8 (0.63) *

4.9 (0.31) *

5.6 (0.34) *

     

Pairwise significance

 

I-II, I-III

I-II

I-II

     

Turn around

 

Insole I

45.6

(14.4)

29.2

(11.9)

30.2

(11.3)

33.5

(14.4)

41.3

(11.9)

30.9

(5.2)

39.8

(17.2)

45.0

(11.1)

47.9

(20.1)

Insole II

36.8

(14.8)

25.5

(6.2)

26.5

(12.3)

29.8

(9.7)

34.3

(11.0)

25.6

(6.0)

36.5

(17.2)

34.0

(5.8)

36.8

(11.8)

Insole III

35.3

(5.6)

26.6

(7.2)

23.8

(10.7)

33.3

(12.1)

41.0

(14.9)

26.9

(8.1)

39.2

(15.3)

37.4

(10.0)

39.7

(16.9)

Insole II % change

−19.2

−12.6

−12.2

−11.0

−16.8

−17.2

−8.4

−24.5

−23.1

Insole III % change

−22.6

−9.1

−21.3

−0.6

−0.5

−13.0

−1.7

−17.0

−16.9

F-test value (η2) & significance

3.8 (0.26) *

    

3.7 (0.25) *

 

9.8 (0.47) *

 

Pairwise significance

I-II

    

I-II

 

I-II, I-III

 

Turn termination

 

Insole I

32.3

(11.8)

36.4

(9.1)

33.0

(12.2)

39.7

(13.4)

41.5

(11.6)

20.6

(6.6)

39.6

(14.9)

37.9

(9.5)

40.1

(20.0)

Insole II

33.6

(11.3)

30.0

(6.7)

28.1

(7.5)

34.7

(8.1)

33.7

(8.2)

19.2

(4.1)

32.3

(9.0)

33.8

(8.1)

37.6

(11.8)

Insole III

29.0

(13.2)

29.7

(6.0)

25.1

(9.9)

37.5

(13.1)

38.4

(12.4)

19.8

(6.9)

38.3

(11.0)

37.2

(11.0)

40.5

(16.4)

Insole II % change

4.1

−17.7

−14.7

−12.6

−18.9

−6.4

−18.4

−10.6

−6.3

Insole III % change

−10.1

−18.5

−23.9

−5.6

−7.5

−3.5

−3.3

−1.7

1.1

F-test value (η2) & significance

 

6.4 (0.37) *

5.5 (0.33) *

      

Pairwise significance

 

I-III

I-III

      
  1. 1) Mean (SD), 2) % change = % change in PTI when compared with insole I; 3) *Significant difference of insoles in one-way ANOVA test at p < 0.05
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Journal of Foot and Ankle Research

ISSN: 1757-1146