Table 4 Summary of the results
From: The Glasgow-Maastricht foot model, evaluation of a 26 segment kinematic model of the foot
Mean RoM | Max RoM | Min RoM | Max Joint Angle | Min Joint Angle | COV25 (%) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Tibia to Talus – Plantarflexion | 17.0 | 19.5 | 14.9 | 5.9 | −16.1 | 100 |
Calcaneus to Talus – Inversion | 12.9 | 16.2 | 9.3 | 15.1 | −4.0 | 97 |
Calcaneus to Cuboid – Plantarflexion | 8.3 | 13.1 | 5.0 | 3.3 | −11.7 | 29 |
Calcaneus to Cuboid – Inversion | 7.6 | 12.5 | 5.6 | 4.0 | −11.0 | 56 |
Calcaneus to Cuboid – Adduction | 9.8 | 15.3 | 6.1 | 15.3 | −4.0 | 27 |
Talus to Navicular – Plantarflexion | 6.3 | 8.4 | 2.6 | 5.0 | −4.3 | 100 |
Talus to Navicular – Inversion | 9.3 | 13.7 | 4.0 | 0.9 | −13.7 | 14 |
Talus to Navicular – Adduction | 14.6 | 18.6 | 9.6 | 17.8 | −6.0 | 70 |
Navicular to Central Cuneiform - Plantarflexion | 2.0 | 3.5 | 0.6 | 2.0 | −1.4 | 85 |
Navicular to Central Cuneiform – Adduction | 1.8 | 2.4 | 1.1 | 2.3 | −0.7 | 73 |
Navicular to Lateral Cuneiform - Plantarflexion | 2.8 | 7.0 | 1.2 | 4.5 | −2.5 | 34 |
Navicular to Lateral Cuneiform – Adduction | 1.3 | 1.8 | 0.7 | 1.8 | −0.2 | 58 |
Central Cuneiform to Metatarsal 2 - Plantarflexion | 2.0 | 3.5 | 0.6 | 2.0 | −1.4 | 85 |
Central Cuneiform to Metatarsal 2 - Adduction | 1.6 | 2.3 | 1.1 | 2.1 | −0.6 | 5 |
Lateral Cuneiform to Metatarsal 3 - Plantarflexion | 2.8 | 7.0 | 1.2 | 4.5 | −2.5 | 34 |
Lateral Cuneiform to Metatarsal 3 - Adduction | 2.1 | 3.0 | 1.0 | 2.6 | −0.9 | 26 |
Cuboid to Metatarsal 4 – Plantarflexion | 6.9 | 9.7 | 3.9 | 4.4 | −6.2 | 100 |
Cuboid to Metatarsal 4 – Adduction | 6.4 | 11.1 | 1.8 | 4.9 | −8.2 | 17 |
Cuboid to Metatarsal 5 – Plantarflexion | 8.3 | 13.1 | 5.0 | 3.3 | −11.7 | 29 |
Cuboid to Metatarsal 5 – Adduction | 5.5 | 10.8 | 2.2 | 6.0 | −7.5 | 25 |
Metatarsal 1 to Proximal Phalange 1 - Plantarflexion | 40.0 | 46.4 | 32.3 | 28.9 | −33.7 | 100 |
Metatarsal 1 to Proximal Phalange 1 - Adduction | 11.5 | 19.7 | 5.7 | 12.0 | −10.0 | 12 |
Metatarsal 2 to Proximal Phalange 2 - Plantarflexion | 33.4 | 40.5 | 27.4 | 31.0 | −28.3 | 42 |
Metatarsal 2 to Proximal Phalange 2 - Adduction | 11.5 | 33.7 | 4.9 | 13.3 | −20.4 | 6 |
Metatarsal 3 to Proximal Phalange 3 - Plantarflexion | 27.5 | 36.3 | 21.3 | 33.3 | −22.9 | 29 |
Metatarsal 3 to Proximal Phalange 3 - Adduction | 14.3 | 42.3 | 5.9 | 14.3 | −28.1 | 4 |
Metatarsal 4 to Proximal Phalange 4 - Plantarflexion | 23.4 | 35.8 | 14.1 | 35.8 | −17.5 | 21 |
Metatarsal 4 to Proximal Phalange 4 - Adduction | 11.0 | 16.1 | 9.1 | 8.7 | −10.8 | 4 |
Metatarsal 5 to Proximal Phalange 5 - Plantarflexion | 22.4 | 38.7 | 12.8 | 38.7 | −12.8 | 13 |
Metatarsal 5 to Proximal Phalange 5 - Adduction | 14.5 | 22.3 | 7.8 | 6.7 | −22.3 | 19 |
Proximal Phalange 1 to Distal Phalange 1 - Plantarflexion | 19.8 | 31.4 | 6.5 | 19.2 | −16.4 | 65 |
Proximal Phalange 2 to Central Phalange 2 – Plantarflexion | 16.1 | 30.4 | 5.9 | 17.6 | −13.7 | 13 |
Proximal Phalange 3 to Central Phalange 3 – Plantarflexion | 22.0 | 37.8 | 9.8 | 19.1 | −19.0 | 70 |
Proximal Phalange 4 to Central Phalange 4 – Plantarflexion | 25.5 | 48.1 | 16.3 | 21.1 | −27.0 | 27 |
Proximal Phalange 5 to v Phalange 5 - Plantarflexion | 22.4 | 42.9 | 8.0 | 17.4 | −35.8 | 13 |