Table 4 Relative risk of predictor variables associated with foot pain on most days in the past month (Model 3 and 4)

Sex

1.13 (0.95–1.34)

0.176

1.09 (0.91–1.30)

0.349

Age 65 and over

1.18 (1.00–1.39)

0.056

1.16 (0.98–1.37)

0.085

Current smoker

1.23 (0.98–1.54)

0.074

1.15 (0.93–1.43)

0.183

Depressive symptoms

1.51 (1.21–1.89)

<0.001

1.55 (1.28–1.89)

<0.001

Intermediate to high alcohol risk

1.22 (0.85–1.74)

0.290

1.25 (0.87–1.79)

0.222

Not physically active

1.00 (0.83–1.20)

0.974

1.02 (0.86–1.22)

0.787

BMI obese

1.30 (1.08–1.56)

0.005

1.27 (1.07–1.51)

0.007

Diabetes

0.96 (0.78–1.19)

0.729

1.02 (0.81–1.28)

0.872

Arthritis

1.30 (1.09–1.54)

0.003

1.27 (1.06–1.53)

0.009

Podiatry use

1.17 (0.95–1.44)

0.139

1.21 (0.98–1.48)

0.073

Foot pain

1.96 (1.66–2.32)

<0.001

Heel pain

1.44 (1.13–1.84)

0.004

Ball pain

1.41 (1.14–1.73)

0.001

Arch pain

1.18 (0.92–1.50)

0.187

Nail/Toe pain

1.12 (0.91–1.38)

0.296

Forefoot pain

1.43 (1.19–1.71)

<0.001

Hindfoot pain

1.21 (0.90–1.63)

0.209

Upper limb pain/stiffness

1.35 (1.09–1.68)

0.007

1.41 (1.14–1.75)

0.001

Lower limb pain/stiffness

1.05 (0.86–1.28)

0.639

1.06 (0.87–1.30)

0.545

Back pain/stiffness

1.16 (0.96–1.40)

0.116

1.21 (1.00–1.45)

0.048