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Fig. 1 | Journal of Foot and Ankle Research

Fig. 1

From: Cavovarus deformity in Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease: is there a hindfoot equinus deformity that needs treatment?

Fig. 1

Depiction of the Heidelberg Foot Measurement Method (HFMM) marker placement according to Simon et al. [15] (modified from [12] and with approval from publisher). a Placement of markers in the lateral and medial epicondyles (LEP and MEP [not shown]), tibial tuberosity (TTU), two points on the medial side of the shin (SH1 and SH2), lateral and medial malleoli (LML and MML [not shown]), lateral, dorsal, and medial aspects of the calcaneus (LCL, CCL, and MCL), navicular (NAV), proximal and distal ends of the first metatarsal (P1MT and D1MT), hallux (HLX), distal end of the second metatarsal (D2MT), and distal and proximal ends of the fifth metatarsal (D5MT and P5MT). (see Simon et al. [15]). b Dorsiplantarflexion (flexion between the tibia and the medial longitudinal foot axis) is determined by the line between the calcaneus and the distal end of the first metatarsal (D1MT in Fig. 1a). Positive values = dorsiflexion, negative values = plantar flexion. This parameter describes the sagittal motion between the whole foot and the tibia (and is consequently influenced by the severity of the cavus deformity). c Tibiotalar flexion (flexion between the tibia and the talus, represented by the motion of the calcaneus and navicular) is calculated as the rotation around the malleolar line. Positive values = dorsiflexion, negative values = plantar flexion. This parameter evaluates ankle function independent of the midfoot and forefoot

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