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Table 2 Intra and inter-rater reliability for measuring passive joint motion

From: The reliability of a smartphone goniometer application compared with a traditional goniometer for measuring first metatarsophalangeal joint dorsiflexion

1st MTPJ ROM

Universal Goniometer

Smartphone app

Mean (SD)

82.8° (12.2)

82.9° (11.3)

Rater 1 Intra-rater reliability

ICC 0.869 (95 % CI 0.793 to 0.918) SEM 1.6

ICC 0.869 (95 % CI 0.794 to 0.918) SEM 1.7

Rater 2 Intra-rater reliability

ICC 0.771 (95 % CI 0.650 to 0.854) SEM 1.6

ICC 0.886 (95 % CI 0.819 to 0.929) SEM 1.4

Rater 3 Intra-rater reliability

ICC 0.809 (95 % CI 0.672 to 0.864) SEM 1.4

ICC 0.870 (95 % CI 0.795 to 0.919) SEM 1.4

Average intra rater reliability

ICC 0.809 (95 % CI 0.705 to 0.879)

ICC 0.875 (95 % CI 0.803 to 0.922)

Inter-rater reliability

ICC 0.693 (95 % CI 0.580 to 0.788)

ICC 0.708 (95 % CI 0.597 to 0.799)

  1. ROM, range of motion
  2. SEM, standard error of mean
  3. ICC, inter class correlation coefficient
  4. CI, confidence intervals