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Table 2 Selected scaliness parameters, hydration, elasticity, collagen & elastin fibre organisation and fissure depth measures testing inter - rater reliability

From: The reliability of non-invasive biophysical outcome measures for evaluating normal and hyperkeratotic foot skin

     

Bland - Altman data

  

ICC agreement

95 % CI

SEM consistency

Mean difference [SD]

95 % LOA

Day 1

      

Callus

Hydration [AU]

0.89

0.30 – 0.98

0.08

−0.14 [2.20]

−4.45 – 4.18

 

Elasticity [mm]

0.83

−0.01 – 0.98

0.01

0.31 [0.37]

−0.41 – 1.03

 

Collagen and elastin fibre organisation [AU]

1.00

0.74 – 0.99

0.00

−45.10 [66.09]

−174.6 – 84.44

 

SEsm [AU]

0.91

0.59 – 0.98

1.54

−5.42 [18.15]

−41.00 – 30.16

 

SEr [AU]

0.62

0.93 – 1.23

0.32

−0.47 [3.03]

−6.41 – 5.46

 

SEsc [AU]

0.87

0.31 – 0.97

0.02

−0.02 [0.20]

−0.42 – 0.38

Heel fissure

Hydration [AU]

0.98

0.82 – 1.00

0.17

−0.77 [1.64]

−3.97 – 2.44

 

Elasticity [mm]

0.78

−0.34 – 0.98

0.01

0.11 [0.08]

−0.05 – 0.27

 

SEsm [AU]

0.92

0.24 – 1.00

0.30

−9.83 [12.66]

−34.63 – 4.98

 

SEr [AU]

0.90

0.01 – 0.99

0.16

−0.41 [0.76]

−1.89 – 1.08

 

SEsc [AU]

0.74

0.67 – 0.98

0.03

−0.08 [0.10]

−0.28 – 0.12

 

Fissure depth [ μm]

0.33

−4.50 – 0.95

0.49

−67.20 [120.10]

−302.80 – 168.20

Xerotic plantar heel skin

Hydration [AU]

0.97

0.79 – 1.00

0.05

−0.40 [1.23]

−2.81 – 2.00

 

Elasticity [mm]

0.86

−0.32 – 0.99

0.02

0.03 [0.06]

−0.08 – 0.14

 

Collagen and elastin fibre organisation [AU]

0.95

0.26 – 1.00

3.05

16.05 [14.68]

−12.71 – 44.81

 

SEsm [AU]

0.96

0.03 – 1.00

0.68

−12.01 [6.53]

−24.82 – 0.79

 

SEr [AU]

0.29

0.96 – 9.93

0.12

−0.19 [0.73]

−1.62 – 1.25

 

SEsc [AU]

0.83

0.56 – 0.99

0.10

0.20 [0.36]

−0.51 – 0.91

PMA

Hydration [AU]

1.00

0.97 – 1.00

0.00

−0.48 [1.26]

−2.95 – 1.99

 

Elasticity [mm]

0.69

−0.19 – 0.95

0.00

0.19 [0.09]

0.01 – 0.36

 

Collagen and elastin fibre organisation [AU]

0.90

0.48 – 0.98

25.46

38.30 [87.57]

−133.30 – 209.90

 

SEsm [AU]

0.97

0.70 – 0.99

0.92

−7.34 [7.68]

−22.39 – 7.71

 

SEr [AU]

0.86

0.46 – 0.96

0.37

−0.09 [1.65]

−3.31 – 3.14

 

SEsc [AU]

0.84

0.44 – 0.96

0.04

0.10 [0.44]

−0.76 – 0.96

5th met. base

Hydration [AU]

0.97

0.88 – 0.99

0.21

−0.89 [2.18]

−5.16 – 3.38

 

Elasticity [mm]

0.74

0.00 – 0.93

0.06

0.11 [0.14]

−0.17 – 0.39

 

Collagen and elastin fibre organisation [AU]

0.96

0.84 – 0.99

8.83

−31.32 [58.35]

−145.70 – 83.04

 

SEsm [AU]

0.82

0.50 – 0.94

1.74

0.19 [17.45]

−34.02 – 34.40

 

SEr [AU]

0.65

0.07 – 0.87

0.37

−0.34 [1.21]

−2.70 – 2.03

 

SEsc [AU]

0.84

0.58 – 0.94

0.34

0.29 [0.94]

−1.56 – 2.14

     

Bland – Altman data

  

ICC agreement

95 % CI

SEM consistency

Mean difference [SD]

95 % LOA

Day 2

      

Callus

Hydration [AU]

0.97

0.82 – 1.00

0.05

0.12 [0.97]

−1.78 – 2.02

 

Elasticity [mm]

0.99

0.99 – 1.00

0.00

0.02 [0.02]

−0.02 – 0.05

 

Collagen and elastin fibre organisation [AU]

0.97

0.82 – 0.99

9.51

−27.92 [51.18]

−128.2 - -72.38

 

SEsm [AU]

0.94

0.67 – 0.99

9.47

0.16 [17.01]

−33.19 – 33.51

 

SEr [AU]

0.98

0.88 – 1.00

0.18

0.03 [0.63]

−1.21 – 1.26

 

SEsc [AU]

0.86

0.26 – 0.97

0.01

0.02 [0.20]

−0.37 – 0.41

Heel fissure

Hydration [AU]

0.97

0.72 – 1.00

0.06

−0.74 [1.07]

−2.80 – 1.37

 

Elasticity [mm]

0.89

−0.42 – 0.99

0.00

0.03 [0.08]

−0.12 – 0.18

 

SEsm [AU]

0.78

0.99 – 102.52

5.48

−0.45 [6.92]

−14.01 – 13.11

 

SEr [AU]

0.99

0.93 – 1.00

0.14

0.24 [0.41]

−0.57 – 1.04

 

SEsc [AU]

0.95

0.10 – 1.00

0.01

−0.01 [0.08]

−0.17 – 0.15

 

Fissure depth [ μm]

0.82

−0.35 – 0.99

13.71

−41.65 [44.17]

−128.20 – 44.92

Xerotic plantar heel skin

Hydration [AU]

0.95

0.57 – 1.00

0.06

−0.32 [1.09]

−2.46 – 1.82

 

Elasticity [mm]

0.69

−0.51 – 0.98

0.02

0.06 [0.06]

−0.05 – 0.17

 

Collagen and elastin fibre organisation [AU]

0.85

−0.97 – 0.99

10.66

11.65 [29.32]

−45.82 –69.12

 

SEsm [AU]

0.91

0.99 – 1.26

7.15

−0.54 [8.75]

−17.70 – 16.61

 

SEr [AU]

0.76

0.98 – 4.99

0.21

−0.12 [0.41]

−0.93 – 0.68

 

SEsc [AU]

0.75

0.99 – 27.38

0.10

−0.01 [0.14]

−0.29 – 0.27

PMA

Hydration [AU]

0.97

0.83 – 1.00

0.37

−1.56 [2.80]

−7.05 – 3.93

 

Elasticity [mm]

0.70

−0.34 – 0.95

0.04

0.11 [0.11]

−0.10 – 0.32

 

Collagen and elastin fibre organisation [AU]

0.96

0.79 – 0.99

3.03

14.29 [31.34]

47.15 –75.72

 

SEsm [AU]

0.99

0.97 – 1.00

0.92

−1.41 [4.17]

−9.58 – 6.77

 

SEr [AU]

0.91

0.67 – 0.98

0.28

0.11 [0.94]

−1.74 – 1.95

 

SEsc [AU]

0.99

0.97 – 1.00

0.01

−0.03 [0.15]

−0.33 – 0.27

5th met. base

Hydration [AU]

0.93

0.77 – 0.98

0.61

−1.00 [3.11]

−7.09 – 5.09

 

Elasticity [mm]

0.38

−0.22 – 0.80

0.05

0.18 [0.10]

−0.01 – 0.38

 

Collagen and elastin fibre organisation [AU]

0.97

0.87 – 0.99

5.70

−21.28 [43.27]

−1.06.10 – 63.52

 

SEsm [AU]

0.92

0.79 – 0.97

2.01

0.21 [13.05]

−25.38 – 25.80

 

SEr [AU]

0.71

0.19 – 1.00

0.20

0.07 [1.22]

−2.30 – 2.47

 

SEsc [AU]

0.93

0.80 – 1.00

0.13

0.15 [0.32]

−0.48 – 0.78