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Table 2 Toe grip strength (TGS) and foot structure characteristics

From: Associations between toe grip strength and hallux valgus, toe curl ability, and foot arch height in Japanese adults aged 20 to 79 years: a cross-sectional study

 

Total

Men

Women

pvalue

TGS (kg)

13.2 (5.6)

17.6 (6.0)

12.4 (5.3)

< 0.001

Foot length (cm)

22.7 (1.1)

24.6 (0.3)

22.3 (0.8)

< 0.001

Flexed foot length (cm)

19.8 (1.0)

21.5 (0.4)

19.5 (0.8)

< 0.001

Truncated foot length (cm)

17.2 (1.0)

18.4 (0.8)

17.0 (0.8)

< 0.001

Navicular height (cm)

4.8 (0.6)

5.1 (0.7)

4.7 (0.5)

< 0.001

HVA (°)

18.8 (7.5)

16.3 (2.3)

19.3 (8.0)

0.065

Toe curl ability (%)

12.5 (4.4)

12.6 (1.0)

12.5 (4.7)

0.683

FAH (%)

27.8 (3.3)

27.8 (4.2)

27.8 (3.2)

0.709

  1. All data are expressed as mean (SD).
  2. HVA, Hallux valgus angle; Toe curl ability (foot length – flexed foot length)/foot length; FAH, Foot arch height, Navicular height/base of arch.