Figure 1From: Associations between toe grip strength and hallux valgus, toe curl ability, and foot arch height in Japanese adults aged 20 to 79 years: a cross-sectional studyFoot characteristic measurements. a, foot length; b, flexed foot length was measured as the length from the heel to the tip of the hallux with maximal toe flexion; c, truncated foot length was measured as the length between the first metatarsal head and heel; d, navicular height was measured as the length from the floor to the top of the navicular tuberosity.Back to article page