The association of foot structure and footwear fit with disability in children and adolescents with Down syndrome

Table 5 Multivariate linear regression analyses with OxAFQ-C School and play domain scores as the dependent variable ^a,b

	OxAFQ-C School and play domain score
Independent variables	R²change	pvalue forR²change
Foot structure
Arch Index	0.038	0.174
Hallux valgus (presence)	0.080	0.046
Lesser toe deformity (presence)	0.037	0.179
Footwear fit^c
Length (ill-fitting/lower median)^d	0.030	0.232
Width (ill-fitting/lower median)^d	0.137	0.009

^aAdjusted for sex, age and body mass index.
^bParent-reported Oxford Ankle Foot Questionnaire for Children (OxAFQ-C) domain scores were based on n = 49 due to missing data.
^cLinear regression analyses performed for footwear fit were based on n = 48 due to missing data.
^dIll-fitting: representing the greatest disparity between the participant’s foot and footwear length and width dimensions; expressed as a percentage. The values that defined the lower median (ill-fitting) were as follows: length (shoe 14.3% shorter to 10.8% longer than foot), width (shoe 26.5% to 4.9% narrower than foot).