The association of foot structure and footwear fit with disability in children and adolescents with Down syndrome

Table 3 Univariate associations (differences between groups) between dichotomous scaled variables and OxAFQ-C domain scores

Participant characteristics	Physical^a,b		School and play^a		Emotional^a		Footwear
Participant characteristics	Mean difference (95% CI)	pvalue	Mean difference (95% CI)	pvalue	Mean difference (95% CI)	pvalue^c	Mean difference (95% CI)	pvalue^c
Sex^d	−2.0 (−14.4 to 10.5)	0.754	−1.5 (−12.1 to 9.0)	0.771	−5.2 (−13.1 to 2.7)	0.350	6.9 (−8.8 to 22.6)	0.299
Hallux valgus^e	−19.1 (−41.1 to 2.8)	0.062	−19.3 (−37.7 to −1.0)	0.040	−10.9 (−37.8 to 15.9)	0.133	−25.0(−50.1 to 0.1)	0.123
Lesser toe deformity^e	−10.9 (−25.9 to 16.0)	0.297	−13.9 (−30.8 to 3.0)	0.106	−11.5 (−29.0 to 6.0)	0.047	−19.9 (−43.3 to 3.6)	0.199

^aParent-reported Oxford Ankle Foot Questionnaire for Children (OxAFQ-C) domain scores were based on n = 49 due to missing data.
^bAnalysis performed on transformed data. Results presented in antilog.
^cThe p values for the univariate association between dichotomous scaled variables and the OxAFQ-C Emotional domain and Footwear item scores were determined using the Mann–Whitney U Test for each variable.
^dCondition: male minus female.
^eCondition: presence minus absence.

ISSN: 1757-1146