Table 4 Mean differences in ulcer healing between groups of included studies
Primary author | Difference between groups | Control | p value | Effect size (Cohen’s d ) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
ESWT | ||||
Moretti [26] | Wound closure: 53.33% | 33.33% | < 0.001 | UD |
healing time: 60.8 days (SD 4.7 days) | 82.2 days (SD 4.7 days) | <0.001 | 4.43, Huge effect | |
Saggini [27] | UD | UD | UD | UD |
Wang [28] | 31% completely healed | 22% completely healed | <0.001 | UD |
58% improved | 50% improved | <0.001 | UD | |
11% remained unchanged. | 28% remained unchanged | <0.001 | UD | |
≥50% improved in 89% of participants | ≥50% improved in 72% of participants | <0.001 | UD | |
Wang [29] | Completely healed 57% | Completely healed 25% | =0.003 | UD |
≥50% improved in 32% of participants | ≥50% improved in 15% of participants | =0.071 | UD | |
unchanged ulcers in 11% | unchanged ulcers in 60% | <0.001 | UD | |
Schaden [17] | NA | NA | NA | NA |