Table 4 Pairwise comparisons expressed as mean difference and 95% confidence intervals (CI), p -value and standardised mean difference (SMD) for linear measures in mm and angular measures in degrees
Contoured sandal | Contoured sandal | Contoured sandal | Orthosis | Orthosis | Flat sandal | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Barefoot | Flat sandal | Orthosis | Barefoot | Flat sandal | Barefoot | ||
Dorsal height | MD | 4.3 | 3.2 | 1.9 | 2.4 | 1.3 | 1.1 |
95% CI | (1.9 to 6.6) | (1.4 to 5.0) | (0.6 to 3.3) | (1.0 to 3.7) | (0.2 to 2.4) | (0.1 to 2.3) | |
P-value | 0.001 | 0.001 | 0.006 | 0.001 | 0.020 | 0.085 | |
SMD | 1.8 | 1.7 | 1.4 | 1.7 | 1.2 | 0.9 | |
Navicular height | MD | 5.9 | 3.9 | 2.4 | 3.6 | 1.6 | 2.0 |
95% CI | (3.2 to 8.6) | (1.4 to 6.4) | (0.2 to 4.5) | (1.4 to 5.7) | (-0.1 to 3.2) | (0.8 to 3.2) | |
P-value | <0.001 | 0.003 | 0.028 | 0.002 | 0.077 | 0.001 | |
SMD | 2.2 | 1.6 | 1.1 | 1.6 | 0.9 | 1.7 | |
Sole to floor angle | MD | 1.4 | 3.0 | 1.4 | 0.0 | 1.6 | 1.6 |
95% CI | (0.6 to 2.2) | (2.2 to 3.8) | (0.6 to 2.2) | (-0.4 to 0.4) | (1.0 to 2.3) | (1.1 to 2.1) | |
P-value | 0.001 | <0.001 3.9 | 0.001 | 1.000 | <0.001 2.4 | <0.001 3.2 | |
SMD | 1.7 | 1.7 | 0 | ||||
Tibia to sole angle | MD | 2.0 | 2.4 | 1.7 | 0.3 | 0.6 | 0.4 |
95% CI | (0.3 to 3.7) | (0.2 to 4.5) | (0.6 to 2.9) | (-1.5 to 0.9) | (-2.7 to 1.4) | (-2.2 to 2.9) | |
P-value | 0.020 | 0.031 | 0.004 | 1.000 | 1.000 | 1.000 | |
SMD | 1.2 | 1.1 | 1.5 | 0.2 | 0.3 | 0.1 | |
Foot length | MD | 0.7 | 1.3 | 0.5 | 0.2 | -0.8 | -0.6 |
95% CI | (-1.3 to 2.7) | (-0.4 to 3.0) | (-1.7 to 2.7) | (-2.1 to 2.5) | (-3.1 to 1.5) | (-2.1 to 0.9) | |
P-value | 1.000 | 0.200 | 1.000 | 1.000 | 1.000 | 1.000 | |
SMD | 0.4 | 0.8 | 0.2 | 0.1 | -0.4 | -0.4 |