Distal foot segment joint coupling patterns during walking gait

Table 1 Coupling angles

Couple		Stance Subphase Coupling Direction (°)
Distal joint complex Motion Plane	Proximal joint complex Motion Plane	Loading response	Midstance	Terminal stance	Pre-swing
Calcaneonavicular Frontal	Rearfoot Frontal	149.45±30.98	234.34±50.18	232.74±72.60	243.19±134.42
Calcaneonavicular Transverse	Rearfoot Transverse	36.54±34.37	33.01±4.16	33.18±9.40	40.42±14.61
Calcaneocuboid Sagittal	Rearfoot Sagittal	149.67±44.46	214.90±107.08	225.71±108.97	211.40±41.84
Calcaneocuboid Frontal	Rearfoot Frontal	213.83±22.85	172.10±68.40	131.86±98.60	190.87±126.79
Calcaneocuboid Transverse	Rearfoot Transverse	287.89±98.31^a	169.05±32.07^a	150.01±19.73	160.40±45.48
Medial forefoot Sagittal	Calcaneonavicular Frontal	129.19±113.93	129.38±41.21^b	182.49±43.12^bc	256.82±19.86^c
Lateral forefoot Sagittal	Calcaneocuboid Frontal	170.25±43.90	133.17±72.88	88.87±71.84^c	230.62±90.23^c
First MTP Sagittal	Medial forefoot Sagittal	262.83±77.59	184.36±125.82	129.68±83.16	112.24±7.60

^aSignificantly different loading response and midstance subphase coupling angles
^bSignficantly different midstance and terminal stance subphase coupling angles
^cSignficantly different terminal stance and pre-swing subphase coupling angles

ISSN: 1757-1146