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Table 1 Magnitude (Mag) and variability (Var) of kinematic and EMG parameters, significant surface comparisons (PRS vs. UIS) indicated in bold.

From: Running on an unpredictable irregular surface changes lower limb biomechanics and subjective perception compared to running on a regular surface

 

Sagittal plane angles [deg]

Normalized muscle activity during stance [%]

 

Shoe to Surface

Shoe to Shank

Tibialis Anterior

Gastrocnemius Med

Peroneus Longus

 

Mag

Var

Mag

Var

Mag

Var

Mag

Var

Mag

Var

PRS

20.8

2.1

9.7

1.3

24.4

3.3

42.1

5.6

42.7

5.8

UIS

17.0

2.7

7.1

1.9

22.8

3.5

43.5

5.4

46.8

7.7

p-value

.001

.102

.001

.055

.149

.492

.831

.586

.025

.068