From: The effect of stroke on foot biomechanics; underlying mechanisms and the functional consequences
Parameter | Stroke survivors | healthy volunteers | P value (95%CI) |
---|---|---|---|
REARFOOT MOTION - SAGITTAL PLANE | |||
Range of movement during initial plantarflexion | 3.3° ± 2.1° | 5.4° ± 2.5° | P < 0.007 (-3.6 to -0.6) |
Range of plantarflexion during late stance | 11° ± 4.6° | 15.6° ± 4.5° | P < 0.003 (-7.5 to -1.7) |
REARFOOT MOTION - FRONTAL PLANE | |||
Total range of movement | 8.9° ± 3.2° | 12° ± 3.3° | P < 0.006 (-5.1 to -0.9) |
maximum eversion | 3.5° ± 2.1° | 2.3° ± 1.5° | P < 0.05 (-0.06 to 2.3) |
Range of inversion during late stance | 8.8° ± 3.4° | 12° ± 3.4° | P < 0.006 (-5.3 to -1.0) |
REARFOOT MOTION – TRANSVERSE PLANE | |||
Total range of movement | 6.4° ± 2.6° | 9.0° ± 4.9° | P < 0.04 (-5.1 to -0.09) |
Maximum abduction | 1.3 ± 2.7° | 3.3° ± 3.2° | P < 0.05 (-3.8 to -0.03) |
Range of movement during the adduction phase | 6.1 ± 2.9° | 9.0° ± 4.9° | P < 0.03 (-5.5 to -0.3) |
FOREFOOT MOTION - SAGITTAL PLANE | |||
Range of final plantarflexion phase | 1.9° ± 2.1° | 4.6° ± 3.3° | P < 0.008 (-4.8 to -0.8) |
FOREFOOT MOTION – TRANSVERSE PLANE | |||
Range of the final adduction phase | 1.3° ± 1.8° | 3.1° ± 1.9° | P < 0.009 (-3.1 to -0.5) |