Skip to main content

Table 1 Mean and standard deviation movements of each foot segment in each plane

From: The effect of stroke on foot biomechanics; underlying mechanisms and the functional consequences

Parameter

Stroke survivors

healthy volunteers

P value (95%CI)

REARFOOT MOTION - SAGITTAL PLANE

Range of movement during initial plantarflexion

3.3° ± 2.1°

5.4° ± 2.5°

P < 0.007

(-3.6 to -0.6)

Range of plantarflexion during late stance

11° ± 4.6°

15.6° ± 4.5°

P < 0.003

(-7.5 to -1.7)

REARFOOT MOTION - FRONTAL PLANE

Total range of movement

8.9° ± 3.2°

12° ± 3.3°

P < 0.006

(-5.1 to -0.9)

maximum eversion

3.5° ± 2.1°

2.3° ± 1.5°

P < 0.05

(-0.06 to 2.3)

Range of inversion during late stance

8.8° ± 3.4°

12° ± 3.4°

P < 0.006

(-5.3 to -1.0)

REARFOOT MOTION – TRANSVERSE PLANE

Total range of movement

6.4° ± 2.6°

9.0° ± 4.9°

P < 0.04

(-5.1 to -0.09)

Maximum abduction

1.3 ± 2.7°

3.3° ± 3.2°

P < 0.05

(-3.8 to -0.03)

Range of movement during the adduction phase

6.1 ± 2.9°

9.0° ± 4.9°

P < 0.03

(-5.5 to -0.3)

FOREFOOT MOTION - SAGITTAL PLANE

Range of final plantarflexion phase

1.9° ± 2.1°

4.6° ± 3.3°

P < 0.008

(-4.8 to -0.8)

FOREFOOT MOTION – TRANSVERSE PLANE

Range of the final adduction phase

1.3° ± 1.8°

3.1° ± 1.9°

P < 0.009

(-3.1 to -0.5)