From: Biomechanical analysis on custom-made insoles in gait of idiopathic pes cavus
 |  | Normal shoes (NS) | Custom-made Insoles (CI) | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
 |  | mean | SD | mean | SD |
Contacting area (cm2) | Initial contact | 15.82 | 9.94 | 17.43 | 10.78 |
 | Loading response | 42.25 | 17.92 | 40.97 | 13.7 |
 | Mid stance | 74.18 | 4.21 | 74.9 | 5.79 |
 | Terminal stance | 47.17 | 14.32 | 57.03* | 15.25 |
Maximum force (N) | Initial contact | 55.65 | 44.15 | 53.66 | 44.65 |
 | Loading response | 254.15 | 125.91 | 243.16* | 120.7 |
 | Mid stance | 400.55 | 11.06 | 425.76* | 38.87 |
 | Terminal stance | 283.42 | 128.78 | 335.14* | 156.3 |
Peak pressure (kPa) | Initial contact | 41.5 | 28.26 | 36.75* | 28.71 |
 | Loading response | 115.07 | 41.63 | 112.14* | 36.38 |
 | Mid stance | 127.05 | 17.04 | 139.61* | 19.58 |
 | Terminal stance | 128.97 | 45.55 | 143.57* | 41.37 |
Mean pressure (kPa) | Initial contact | 25.51 | 16.58 | 22.75* | 13.69 |
 | Loading response | 55.42 | 16.72 | 54.27 | 16.15 |
 | Mid stance | 54.84 | 4.83 | 57.71* | 5.01 |
 | Terminal stance | 56.45 | 15.02 | 54.83* | 15.24 |