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Table 3 Summary of secondary outcome measures by data of multiple imputation

From: Efficacy of intraarticular botulinum toxin A and intraarticular hyaluronate plus rehabilitation exercise in patients with unilateral ankle osteoarthritis: a randomized controlled trial

Outcome

Baseline

2 weeks

1 month

3 months

6 months

 

BoNT-A

HA

BoNT-A

HA

BoNT-A

HA

BoNT-A

HA

BoNT-A

HA

AOFAS Ankle/Hindfoot score

71.3 ± 11.6

70.0 ± 11.7

84.5 ± 8.8

82.9 ± 12.3

88.1 ± 12.1

88.1 ± 11.8

89.0 ± 7.3

88.1 ± 11.3

88.3 ± 7.2

86.4 ± 12.5

A.M.D. (95% CI)

  

1.4 (-2.5, 5.4)

-0.2 (-4.1, 3.8)

0.8 (-2.8, 4.4)

1.9 (-1.7, 5.5)

p b

  

0.48

0.93

0.66

0.30

VAS pain scalea

4.0 ± 1.8

3.9 ± 1.2

1.8 ± 1.2

1.8 ± 1.2

1.8 ± 1.3

1.7 ± 1.5

1.7 ± 1.2

1.7 ± 1.1

1.8 ± 0.9

1.7 ± 1.1

A.M.D. (95% CI)

  

-0.04 (-0.5, 0.5)

0.01 (-0.6, 0.6)

0.01 (-0.4, 0.5)

0.1 (-0.3, 0.5)

p b

  

0.88

0.97

0.95

0.71

SLS

25.0 ± 19.4

25.4 ± 16.0

34.1 ± 26.6

36.8 ± 22.5

36.9 ± 23.8

43.0 ± 18.6

36.8 ± 21.8

41.7 ± 19.6

36.5 ± 23.3

40.0 ± 20.0

A.M.D. (95% CI)

  

-2.3 (-6.3, 1.7)

-5.7 (-10.4, -1.0)

-4.6 (-9.7, 0.5)

-3.1 (-8.2, 2.1)

p b

  

0.26

0.02*

0.08

0.24

TUGa

8.4 ± 3.0

8.2 ± 2.5

7.2 ± 2.3

6.9 ± 2.4

6.5 ± 1.7

6.3 ± 1.9

6.6 ± 1.7

6.6 ± 2.0

6.8 ± 1.8

6.7 ± 2.1

A.M.D. (95% CI)

  

0.1 (-0.3, 0.5)

0.1 (-0.4, 0.5)

-0.1 (-0.6, 0.4)

-0.04 (-0.5, 0.5)

p b

  

0.59

0.72

0.56

0.88

Acetaminophena (tablets/week)

16.0 ± 5.4

17.0 ± 6.4

8.4 ± 5.2

8.9 ± 4.9

8.3 ± 4.3

8.5 ± 3.2

8.7 ± 4.9

9.3 ± 3.6

9.2 ± 4.9

9.5 ± 6.0

A.M.D. (95% CI)

  

-0.1 (-1.6, 1.5)

0.3 (-1.0, 1.5)

-0.1 (-1.5, 1.4)

0.3 (-1.1, 1.7)

p b

  

0.93

0.67

0.94

0.66

  1. Values are the mean ± standard deviation; AOFAS = the American Orthopedic Foot and Ankle Society, VAS = Visual analog scale; SLS = single leg stance test; TUG = timed “Up-and-Go” test; The possible range for the AOFAS score was 0–100; BoNT-A = Botulinum toxin type A; HA = Hyaluronate; A.M.D. = Adjusted mean difference; CI = Confidence interval.
  2. aHigher scores represent worse pain or function.; bANCOVA for comparing two groups in each posttest.
  3. *p < 0.05.