Table 2 Demographic, co-morbidity and high-risk foot complication data for each patient cohort (n (%) unless otherwise stated)
Criterion measure | Criterion validity* & inter-rater reliability* | Intra-rater reliability | p Value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
General demographics | ||||
Numbers | 32 | 43 | 19 | |
Male | 25 (78%) | 37 (86%) | 17 (90%) | 0.501 |
Age, mean (SD) (years)# | 69 (13) | 68 (13) | 70 (15) | 0.826 |
Age range (years) | 48 – 90 | 36 – 89 | 42 – 90 | |
Indigenous | 1 (3%) | 0 (0%) | 1 (5%) | NA |
Health professionals attending (in the past week) | ||||
Podiatrist | 32 (100%) | 43 (100%) | 19 (100%) | 1.000 |
GP | 2 (6%) | 10 (23%) | 2 (11%) | 0.103 |
Nurse | 3 (9%) | 12 (28%) | 4 (21%) | 0.141 |
Orthotist | 0 | 0 | 0 | NA |
Physician | 2 (6%) | 1 (2%) | 1 (5%) | NA |
Surgeon | 1 (3%) | 3 (7%) | 0 | NA |
Other | 0 | 0 | 0 | NA |
Medical co-morbidity history | ||||
Diabetes (type 1 or 2) | 28 (88%) | 35 (81%) | 16 (84%) | 0.384 |
Type 2 diabetes | 28 (88%) | 31 (72%) | 14 (74%) | 0.256 |
Diabetes duration (years)# | 12 (7) | 23 (11) | 20 (14) | 0.001** |
Recent BGLs > 15 mmol/L | 5 (16%) | 4 (9%) | 5 (26%) | 0.220 |
HbA1c (SD)# | 9.2 (3.5) | 8.1 (1.6) | 8.4 (2.7) | 0.450 |
Hypertension | 28 (88%) | 30 (70%) | 11 (58%) | 0.053 |
Dyslipidaemia | 23 (72%) | 25 (58%) | 9 (47%) | 0.201 |
Smoker | 5 (16%) | 11 (26%) | 3 (16%) | 0.492 |
CVD | 21 (66%) | 21 (49%) | 9 (47%) | 0.281 |
CKD | 5 (16%) | 13 (30%) | 5 (26%) | 0.339 |
ESRF | 0 | 1 (2%) | 0 | NA |
Other (non-listed) | 29 (91%) | 36 (84%) | 11 (58%) | 0.013** |
High-risk history | ||||
Neuropathy | 31 (97%) | 37 (86%) | 18 (95%) | 0.214 |
PAD | 14 (44%) | 21 (49%) | 8 (42%) | 0.853 |
Previous foot ulcer | 27 (84%) | 37 (86%) | 17 (90%) | 0.878 |
Current foot ulcer | 32 (100%) | 42 (98%) | 19 (100%) | 0.549 |
New foot ulcer | 21 (66%) | 42 (98%) | 19 (100%) | ≤ 0.001** |
Previous amputation | 16 (50%) | 17 (40%) | 7 (37%) | 0.566 |
Clinical diagnoses of high-risk factors | ||||
Neuropathy | 31 (97%) | 38 (88%) | 19 (100%) | 0.146 |
Any PAD | 14 (44%) | 22 (51%) | 8 (42%) | 0.735 |
Acute Charcot | 1 (3%) | 1 (2%) | 0 | NA |
Foot deformity | 26 (81%) | 33 (77%) | 17 (90%) | 0.501 |
Acute risk classification | 32 (100%) | 42 (98%) | 19 (100%) | 0.549 |
Clinical diagnoses of foot disease | ||||
Ulcer type: neuropathic | 14 (44%) | 14 (33%) | 8 (42%) | 0.572 |
Ulcer type: neuroischaemic | 9 (28%) | 16 (37%) | 8 (42%) | 0.555 |
Ulcer type: ischaemic | 0 | 3 (7%) | 1 (5%) | NA |
Ulcer type: other | 9 (28%) | 9 (21%) | 2 (11%) | 0.339 |
Combined surface area (mm2)# | 122 (191) | 352 (899) | 379 (1436) | 0.469 |
Any clinical infection | 6 (19%) | 14 (33%) | 2 (11%) | 0.125 |
UTWCS (Grade 1A) | 13 (41%) | 14 (33%) | 7 (37%) | 0.770 |
Deep ulcer (Grade 2 or 3)^ | 8 (25%) | 6 (14%) | 2 (11%) | 0.394 |