Table 3 Relevant outcome measures related to the domain of rearfoot kinematics (significant SMD results are bolded) - walking unless otherwise noted
From: Foot orthoses for adults with flexible pes planus: a systematic review
Study | Activity | Outcome | No FO (mean ± SD) | Device | FO (mean ± SD) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Zifchock and Davis [41] | Over-ground walking (2.0 m/s) in low arch cohort | Peak RF eversion (°) | 4.31 (2.5) | A | 5.45 (5.1) |
B | 4.38 (2.2) | ||||
RF eversion excursion (°) | 10.60 (2.8) | A | 9.47 (1.9) | ||
B | 9.68 (1.8) | ||||
Peak RF eversion velocity (°/s) | 155.65 (46.9) | A | 141.50 (47.2) | ||
B | 144.78 (46.5) | ||||
Mündermann et al. [47] | Over-ground running (4.0 ± 0.2 m/s) in recreational runners with everted rearfoot. | Peak foot eversion (°) * | 16.00 (2.3) | A | 16.90 (3.6) |
B | 16.60 (2.5) | ||||
C | 13.70 (2.7) | ||||
Peak foot eversion velocity (°/s) * | 464.70 (155.2) | A | 484.40 (141.1) | ||
B | 476.80 (145.0) | ||||
C | 392.90 (135.0) | ||||
Cobb et al. [52] | Over-ground walking (1.3 to 1.4 m/s) in low arch cohort | RF eversion excursion (terminal stance (°) | 0.85 (0.8) | A | 0.28 (0.5) |
0.02 (0.4) | B | 0.18 (0.3) | |||
Hurd et al. [51] | Over-ground walking (1.2 m/s ± 5%) in forefoot varus cohort | RF eversion (initial contact) (°) | -1.60 (3.6) | A | -1.00 (3.1) |
B | -0.30 (4.0) | ||||
Peak RF eversion (loading) (°) | -3.40 (3.7) | A | -2.80 (5.6) | ||
B | -2.70 (5.3) | ||||
Over-ground running (1.7 m/s ± 5%) in forefoot varus cohort | RF eversion (initial contact) (°) * | -3.30 (4.0) | A | -2.50 (5.0) | |
B | -2.30 (4.5) | ||||
Peak RF eversion (loading) (°) * | -5.60 (3.5) | A | -5.30 (10.5) | ||
B | -5.60 (11.1) | ||||
Johanson et al. [49] | Treadmill walking (1.11 m/s) in forefoot varus cohort | Peak RF eversion (°) | 0.80 (3.0) | A | -1.35 (2.8) |
B | -0.88 (3.3) | ||||
C | -0.44 (3.3) | ||||
D | -0.36 (3.0) |