Gait parameters associated with hallux valgus: a systematic review

Nix, Sheree E; Vicenzino, Bill T; Collins, Natalie J; Smith, Michelle D

doi:10.1186/1757-1146-6-9

Journal of Foot and Ankle Research

Table 2 Comparison of peak pressure, mean pressure, and pressure–time integral between HV and control groups (5 studies)

From: Gait parameters associated with hallux valgus: a systematic review

Plantar pressure parameter	Study ID	Ref	N HV cases	N controls	SMD	95% CI
Hallux
Hallux peak pressure (N/cm2)	Bryant 2000	[53]	30	30	0.56*	0.05 to 1.08
Hallux peak pressure (kPa)	Mickle 2011	[58]	36	36	0.24	−0.23 to 0.70
Hallux mean pressure (% total toe pressure)	Kadono 2003	[55]	35	18	−0.37	−0.94 to 0.21
Hallux mean pressure (kPa)	Martinez-Nova 2010	[56]	79	98	1.78*	1.43 to 2.13
Hallux mean pressure (%BW)	Shimazaki 1981	[59]	28	10	0.37	−0.36 to 1.1
Hallux pressure–time integral (kPa*s)	Mickle 2011	[58]	36	36	−0.01	−0.47 to 0.45
Lesser digits
D2 peak pressure (N/cm2)	Bryant 2000	[53]	30	30	−0.07	−0.58 to 0.43
D2 peak pressure (kPa)	Mickle 2011	[58]	36	36	0.36	−0.11 to 0.82
D3-5 peak pressure (N/cm2)	Bryant 2000	[53]	30	30	0.56*	0.04 to 1.07
D3-5 peak pressure (kPa)	Mickle 2011	[58]	36	36	−0.03	−0.49 to 0.43
D2 mean pressure (% total toe pressure)	Kadono 2003	[55]	35	18	0.57	−0.01 to 1.15
D3 mean pressure (% total toe pressure)	Kadono 2003	[55]	35	18	0.54	−0.04 to 1.11
D4 mean pressure (% total toe pressure)	Kadono 2003	[55]	35	18	−0.31	−0.88 to 0.27
D5 mean pressure (% total toe pressure)	Kadono 2003	[55]	35	18	−0.08	−0.65 to 0.49
D2-5 mean pressure (kPa)	Martinez-Nova 2010	[56]	79	98	0.02	−0.28 to 0.31
D2 pressure–time integral (kPa*s)	Mickle 2011	[58]	36	36	0.25	−0.22 to 0.71
D3-5 pressure–time integral (kPa*s)	Mickle 2011	[58]	36	36	−0.08	−0.55 to 0.38
Metatarsal heads
M1 peak pressure (N/cm2)	Bryant 2000	[53]	30	30	0.64*	0.12 to 1.16
M1 peak pressure (kPa)	Mickle 2011	[58]	36	36	0.70*	0.22 to 1.17
M1 mean pressure (% total M pressure)	Kadono 2003	[55]	35	18	−0.61*	−1.19 to −0.03
M1 mean pressure (kPa)	Martinez-Nova 2010	[56]	79	98	0.14	−0.16 to 0.44
M1 pressure–time integral (kPa*s)	Mickle 2011	[58]	36	36	0.62*	0.14 to 1.09
M2 peak pressure (N/cm2)	Bryant 2000	[53]	30	30	1.21*	0.66 to 1.76
M2 peak pressure (kPa)	Mickle 2011	[58]	36	36	0.68*	0.21 to 1.16
M2 mean pressure (% total M pressure)	Kadono 2003	[55]	35	18	0.10	−0.46 to 0.67
M2 mean pressure (kPa)	Martinez-Nova 2010	[56]	79	98	0.07	−0.23 to 0.37
M2 pressure–time integral (kPa*s)	Mickle 2011	[58]	36	36	0.37	−0.10 to 0.84
M3 peak pressure (N/cm2)	Bryant 2000	[53]	30	30	0.99*	0.46 to 1.53
M3 peak pressure (kPa)	Mickle 2011	[58]	36	36	0.47	0.0 to 0.93
M3 mean pressure (% total M pressure)	Kadono 2003	[55]	35	18	0.32	−0.25 to 0.9
M3 mean pressure (kPa)	Martinez-Nova 2010	[56]	79	98	−0.06	−0.36 to 0.24
M3 pressure–time integral (kPa*s)	Mickle 2011	[58]	36	36	0.18	−0.28 to 0.65
M4 peak pressure (N/cm2)	Bryant 2000	[53]	30	30	0.29	−0.22 to 0.8
M4 peak pressure (kPa)	Mickle 2011	[58]	36	36	0.04	−0.42 to 0.50
M4 mean pressure (% total M pressure)	Kadono 2003	[55]	35	18	−0.23	−0.8 to 0.34
M4 mean pressure (kPa)	Martinez-Nova 2010	[56]	79	98	−0.14	−0.44 to 0.16
M4 pressure–time integral (kPa*s)	Mickle 2011	[58]	36	36	−0.18	−0.64 to 0.29
M5 peak pressure (N/cm2)	Bryant 2000	[53]	30	30	−0.04	−0.54 to 0.467
M5 peak pressure (kPa)	Mickle 2011	[58]	36	36	0.30	−0.17 to 0.76
M5 mean pressure (% total M pressure)	Kadono 2003	[55]	35	18	0.21	−0.37 to 0.78
M5 mean pressure (kPa)	Martinez-Nova 2010	[56]	79	98	−0.08	−0.38 to 0.22
M5 pressure–time integral (kPa*s)	Mickle 2011	[58]	36	36	0.11	−0.35 to 0.58
Midfoot
Midfoot peak pressure (N/cm2)	Bryant 2000	[53]	30	30	0.06	−0.45 to 0.57
Heel
Heel peak pressure (N/cm2)	Bryant 2000	[53]	30	30	−0.06	−0.57 to 0.45

Abbreviations: HV, hallux valgus; SMD, standardised mean difference; CI, confidence interval, M = metatarsal, D = digit.
* Indicates a statistically significant difference.

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ISSN: 1757-1146

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