Table 1 Age (years)* and sex (male/female) characteristics of HV and control groups (9 studies)

[53]

N

30

30

60

Sex

3/27

12/18

15/45

Age

51.3 (range 28 to 74)

39.8 (range 23 to 68)

NR

[54]

N

20

22

42

Sex

4/16

9/13

13/29

Age

47.4 (range 18 to 65)

37.5 (range 20 to 60)

NR

[55]

N

35 (57 feet)

18

53

Sex

2/33

13/5

15/38

Age

52.3 (range 12 to 77)

36 (range 22 to 68)

NR

[56]

N

79

98

177

Sex

0/79

0/98

0/177

Age

54.7±12.5

52.3±11.8

NR

[57]

N

21

50

71

Sex

NR

NR

24/47

Age

NR

NR

80±4 (range 75 to 93)

[58]

N

36

36

72

Sex

17/19

17/19

34/38

Age

71.9±6.7

71.9±6.6

NR

[59]

N

28 (28 feet)

10 (10 feet)

38

Sex

0/28

2/8

2/36

Age

NR

NR

32 (range 20 to 65)

[60]

N

23 (36 feet)

20 (40 feet)

43 (76 feet)

Sex

2/21

8/12

10/33

Age

61.3±9.9 (range 45 to 79)

58.8±15.9 (range 28 to 82)

NR

[61]

N

15 (30 feet)

18 (36 feet)

33 (66 feet)

Sex

1/14

4/14

5/28

Age

40.7 (range 12 to 60)

26.8 (range 20 to 42)

NR