Table 1 Ground reaction force and center of pressure variables (mean ± SD)

Stance time (s)

0.70 ± 0.02

0.74 ± 0.02^*

0.73 ± 0.02^*

0.77 ± 0.03^*#&

50.6

0.0001

Peak vertical loading GRF (BW)

1.06 ± 0.04

1.11 ± 0.07

1.10 ± 0.02

1.08 ± 0.04

4.0

0.02

Loading Rate (BW/s)

7.96 ± 1.79

7.22 ± 1.54^*

7.52 ± 2.61

5.69 ± 0.41^*#&

7.6

0.01

Peak vertical pushoff GRF (BW)

1.11 ± 0.04

1.13 ± 0.06

1.11 ± 0.03

1.09 ± 0.05

1.1

0.33

Peak braking GRF (BW)

-0.21 ± 0.03

-0.22 ± 0.05

-0.22 ± 0.05

-0.20 ± 0.04

1.4

0.27

Peak propulsive GRF (BW)

0.22 ± 0.03

0.21 ± 0.03

0.22 ± 0.02

0.19 ± 0.02^*#&

8.3

0.0001

ML COP displacement ROM (cm)

5.5 ± 1.4

4.5 ± 1.1^*

4.7 ± 1.2^*

4.0 ± 1.0^*

6.92

0.009

AP COP displacement ROM (cm)

22.1 ± 1.3

26.8 ± 1.6^*

26.2 ± 2.1^*

26.8 ± 2.2^*

24.1

0.0001