From: Hallux valgus and plantar pressure loading: the Framingham foot study
Variable | No Hallux Valgus / No foot disorder (referent) | Hallux Valgus only | Hallux Valgus + foot disorder | Foot disorder only |
---|---|---|---|---|
Maximum Force (N) | Â | Â | Â | Â |
Hallux | 78.4 (39.70) | 64.9 (41.72)†* | 47.7 (33.47)†* | 70.4 (42.28)†|
Lesser Toes | 41.1 (27.12) | 45.3 (38.04)* | 40.7 (25.91)†| 38.1 (27.83) |
Lateral Forefoot | 249.7 (102.50) | 225.7 (104.30)†| 206.2 (84.81)†* | 229.8 (110.81)†|
Medial Forefoot | 132.9 (72.03) | 123.1 (63.02)†| 116.4 (62.89)†| 130.3 (76.12) |
Lateral Midfoot | 116.5 (94.35) | 108.3 (93.37) | 109.5 (76.57) | 124.4 (112.22) |
Medial Midfoot | 18.8 (24.62) | 21.0 (32.87) | 20.0 (24.17) | 21.6 (27.84) |
Lateral Rearfoot | 175.6 (63.30) | 163.9 (59.92)†| 151.9 (51.41)†* | 167.1 (70.77)†|
Medial Rearfoot | 196.5 (68.11) | 181.8 (65.06)†| 172.6 (56.38)†| 191.9 (73.32) |
Peak Pressure (kPa) | Â | Â | Â | Â |
Hallux | 218.6 (102.01) | 212.0 (106.44)†| 171.3 (99.38)* | 206.0 (106.66)†|
Lesser Toes | 138.8 (77.36) | 144.5 (87.82)†| 148.3 (71.93)* | 152.2 (90.16)†* |
Lateral Forefoot | 251.3 (88.12) | 240.3 (89.11)†| 231.5 (71.15)†| 249.6 (88.87) |
Medial Forefoot | 212.8 (101.25) | 206.5 (99.94) | 207.2 (86.07) | 222.0 (104.89)†|
Lateral Midfoot | 108.8 (64.45) | 106.3 (74.1) | 107.8 (61.02) | 113.1 (72.42) |
Medial Midfoot | 74.4 (53.20) | 73.5 (65.18) | 68.1 (39.27) | 73.4 (55.17) |
Lateral Rearfoot | 216.8 (80.05) | 208.2 (80.42)†| 200.4 (62.83)* | 213.1 (83.86) |
Medial Rearfoot | 230.0 (85.98) | 222.3 (84.72)†| 215.3 (67.21)* | 233.1 (92.31) |
Center of Pressure Excursion Index | 14.7 (8.07) | 13.0 (8.00)†* | 12.5 (7.74)†* | 14.5 (8.00) |
Modified Arch Index | 0.102 (0.0809) | 0.098 (0.079)†| 0.112 (0.095)* | 0.116 (0.099)†* |