From: Reliability of clinically relevant 3D foot bone angles from quantitative computed tomography
Bone | Landmarks | Description |
---|---|---|
Calcaneus | 1. Posterior calcaneus | Midpoint of posterior surface of calcaneal tuberosity, centred both medial-laterally and vertically. |
2.Anterior calcaneus | Centre of the anterior surface of calcaneus, where calcaneus articulates with cuboid. | |
3.Inferior calcaneus | Medial-lateral midline of posterior surface of calcaneal tuberosity, along the inferior border. | |
4.Superior calcaneus | Medial-lateral midline of posterior surface of calcaneal tuberosity, along the superior border. | |
Talus | 5. Posterior talus | At medial-lateral midline of the posterior aspect of talus. |
6. Anterior talus | Centre of convex surface of talar head, centred both medial-laterally and vertically. | |
7. Medial talus | Dorsal maximum of the medial edge of talar trochlea articular surface. | |
8. Lateral talus | Dorsal maximum of the lateral edge of the talar trochlea articular surface. | |
Cuboid | 9. Posterior cuboid | Centre of proximal cuboid articular surface (articulation with calcaneus). |
10. Anterior cuboid | Centre of distal cuboid articular surface (articulation with fourth and fifth metatarsals). | |
11. Inferior cuboid | Inferior-lateral edge of the tuberosity of cuboid. | |
12. Superior cuboid | Most superior, dorsal “point” of cuboid. | |
Navicular | 13. Medial navicular | Medial aspect of navicular, centred in the anterior-posterior direction. |
14. Lateral navicular | Lateral aspect of navicular; centred in the anterior-poster direction. | |
15. Superior navicular | Superior surface of navicular; at the most superior point of its dorsal surface. |