Table 2 Plantar pressure results – mean (SD)
Barefoot | Round | Square | Point | pvalue | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Mean peak pressure (N/cm2) | |||||
Heel – medial | 19.29(7.42)§ | 23.81(9.56)§ | 22.47(11.09)§ | 38.36(8.24) | 0.000* |
Heel – lateral | 16.71(5.14)‡§ | 17.45(7.08)‡§ | 24.9(7.45)†§ | 32.21(7.92)†‡ | 0.000* |
Midfoot | 8.35(5.36)†§ | 6.75(2.49) | 8.29(4.01) | 3.28(1.87) | 0.000* |
Metatarsal head 1 | 19.06(8.54)†‡§ | 17.98(6.53) | 15.05(5.93) | 10.01(6.49) | 0.000* |
Metatarsal head 2 | 18.11(10.97) | 18.89(10.23) | 20.06(7.79) | 21.79(8.23) | 0.195* |
Metatarsal head 3 | 17.16(9.3)†§ | 18.85(11.7) | 19.47(6.31) | 24.06(10.61) | 0.005* |
Metatarsal head 4 | 17.79(7.57)†§ | 23.99(12.99)‡§ | 11.6(4)†§ | 14.32(5.84)†‡ | 0.000* |
Metatarsal head 5 | 7.53(6.14)ठ| 16.67(12.74)ठ| 9.28(4.97) | 5.41(2.99) | 0.000* |
Toe 1 | 24.4(18.8) | 24.66(15.35) | 12.27(6.28)§ | 10.77(6.04) | 0.000** |
Toes 2-5 | 11.53(15.45)‡§ | 15.78(15.09) | 5.92(7.37)†§ | 2.63(2.48) | 0.000** |
Mean time to peak pressure (ms) | |||||
Heel – medial | 136.29(31.59) | 139.4(97.94) | 133.5(75.69) | 115.63(64.6)†§ | 0.000* |
Heel – lateral | 126.71(41.41)‡§ | 129.67(62.78)‡§ | 144.91(85.3)†§ | 140.23(68.54)†‡ | 0.000* |
Midfoot | 234.9(63.92)†‡ | 290.98(97.43) | 320.67(83.24) | 234.51(66.64) | 0.000* |
Metatarsal head 1 | 490.82(139.71)†‡ | 524.37(113.83) | 512.25(67.26) | 486.85(51.09) | 0.000* |
Metatarsal head 2 | 516.9(109.73) | 515.53(109.21) | 517.72(61.9) | 517.59(45.53) | 0.08* |
Metatarsal head 3 | 497.34(108.83)† | 510.81(104.8) | 479.37(66.1) | 506.85(52.53) | 0.002* |
Metatarsal head 4 | 452.06(11.45)†‡ | 462.91(104.35) | 448.29(75.16) | 471.97(67.76)†‡ | 0.001* |
Metatarsal head 5 | 350.09(174.91)‡§ | 368.74(114.85)‡ | 404.17(85.18) | 402.79(92.98) | 0.000* |
Toe 1 | 595.71(116.74)† | 613.24(125.25) | 525.59(144.43) | 539.71(70.58) | 0.006** |
Toes 2-5 | 552.94(98.03)§ | 490.09(179.56) | 480.1(143.19)§ | 510.43(93.12) | 0.026** |
Mean total contact time (ms) | |||||
Heel – medial | 371.8(64.32) | 410.31(106.4) | 394.5(74.82) | 387.83(68.15) | 0.36* |
Heel – lateral | 365.9(62.3) | 383.87(90.66) | 395.04(77.02) | 387.89(61.1) | 0.109* |
Midfoot | 404.1(65.24) | 421.81(82.7) | 424.4(67.3) | 388.54(79.95) | 0.08* |
Metatarsal head 1 | 491.3(112.34) | 485.9(79.21) | 479.26(84.9) | 486.84(51.09) | 0.42* |
Metatarsal head 2 | 504.25(136.3) | 514.5(108.83) | 489.79(112.26) | 518(69.69) | 0.52* |
Metatarsal head 3 | 533.74(106.8) | 508.4(137.4) | 525.09(62.56) | 537.86(68.17) | 0.24* |
Metatarsal head 4 | 522.72(139.9) | 547.2(106.3) | 518.58(53.55) | 540.45(56.58) | 0.188* |
Metatarsal head 5 | 502.61(96.28) | 492.71(140.8) | 484.95(82.6) | 478.84(63.91) | 0.79* |
Toe 1 | 299.4(83.75)†§ | 248.72(71.94) | 279(115.1) | 392.48(116.45) | 0.000** |
Toes 2-5 | 419.94(208.46)†§ | 310.47(182.6) | 453.87(214)§ | 281.64(99.52) | 0.003** |
Pressure–time integral (N/cm2/ms) | |||||
Heel – medial | 4.24(1.84) | 5.35(2.31) | 4.8(2.37) | 8.38(2.91) | 0.309* |
Heel – lateral | 3.58(1.26) | 3.68(1.37) | 5.42(1.71) | 7.26(2.24) | 0.642* |
Midfoot | 2.01(1.42)†§ | 1.73(0.77) | 2.19(1.07) | 0.78(0.51) | 0.000* |
Metatarsal head 1 | 3.99(1.58) | 3.71(1.58) | 3.24(1.54) | 2.17(1.55) | 0.043* |
Metatarsal head 2 | 4.27(2.79) | 3.99(2.35) | 4.31(2.02) | 5.1(2.07) | 0.999* |
Metatarsal head 3 | 4.04(2.11) | 4.37(3.25) | 4.97(1.95) | 5.91(3.22) | 0.06* |
Metatarsal head 4 | 5.18(2.66) | 6.59(4.23) | 2.97(1.15) | 3.78(1.91) | 0.396* |
Metatarsal head 5 | 2.18(2.04) | 2.32(3.39) | 2.54(1.52) | 1.31(0.85) | 0.462* |
Toe 1 | 3.08(2.39)ठ| 2.67(1.64) | 1.24(0.82) | 1.76(1.11) | 0.001** |
Toes 2-5 | 1.37(1.38) | 1.48(1.57) | 4.09(1.18)†§ | 0.37(0.33) | 0.002** |