Table 8 Mean values (SD) and percentage change for the 1st MTPJ, lateral forefoot and hallux at week 4 (N = 30)
From: The effect of customised and sham foot orthoses on plantar pressures
1st MTPJ | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Â | Peak pressure (kPa) | Maximum force (%BW) | Contact area (cm2) | ||||||
Insert | Mean (SD) | % change | p-value | Mean (SD) | % change | p-value | Mean (SD) | % change | p-value |
Shoe only (control) | 180.1 (51.8) | n/a | n/a | 16.3 (6.6) | n/a | n/a | 10.1 (1.1) | n/a | n/a |
Customised foot orthosis | 180.6 (47.2) | 0% | 1.000 | 17.6 (5.1) | +8% | 0.658 | 10.7 (1.0) | +6% | 0.090 |
Contoured polyethylene | 178.2 (43.9) | −1% | 1.000 | 16.4 (5.4) | +1% | 1.000 | 10.7 (1.1) | +6% | 0.104 |
Contoured EVA | 176.2 (46.5) | −2% | 1.000 | 16.2 (6.1) | 0% | 1.000 | 10.6 (1.0) | +6%* | 0.016 |
Flat EVA | 177.7 (43.6) | −1% | 1.000 | 16.5 (5.3) | +2% | 1.000 | 10.7 (1.0) | +6%* | 0.037 |
Lateral forefoot | |||||||||
| Â | Peak pressure (kPa) | Maximum force (%BW) | Contact area (cm 2 ) | ||||||
Insert | Mean (SD) | % change | p -value | Mean (SD) | % change | p -value | Mean (SD) | % change | p -value |
Shoe only (control) | 212.1 (67.1) | n/a | n/a | 32.2 (10.2) | n/a | n/a | 18.4 (1.6) | n/a | n/a |
Customised foot orthosis | 200.8 (57.1) | −5% | 1.000 | 31.1 (7.5) | −4%^ | 1.000 | 18.5 (1.7) | +1% | 0.230 |
Contoured polyethylene | 213.3 (65.0) | +1%+ | 0.984 | 33.4 (9.0) | +3%#+ | 1.000 | 18.5 (1.7) | +1% | 0.230 |
Contoured EVA | 200.3 (59.6) | −6% | 0.504 | 30.8 (8.3) | −4%^ | 0.582 | 18.5 (1.7) | +1% | 0.230 |
Flat EVA | 204.8 (63.6) | −3%^ | 1.000 | 32.2 (9.2) | 0% | 1.000 | 18.5 (1.7) | +1% | 0.733 |
Hallux | |||||||||
| Â | Peak pressure (kPa) | Maximum force (%BW) | Contact area (cm 2 ) | ||||||
Insert | Mean (SD) | % change | p -value | Mean (SD) | % change | p -value | Mean (SD) | % change | p -value |
Shoe only (control) | 250.2 (68.6) | n/a | n/a | 29.0 (6.1) | n/a | n/a | 14.2 (1.3) | n/a | n/a |
Customised foot orthosis | 268.1 (102.1) | +7% | 0.779 | 29.0 (6.4) | 0% | 1.000 | 14.2 (1.2) | 0% | 1.000 |
Contoured polyethylene | 253.6 (92.4) | +1% | 1.000 | 28.4 (6.7) | −2% | 1.000 | 14.3 (1.2) | +1% | 1.000 |
Contoured EVA | 254.0 (80.2) | +2% | 1.000 | 29.5 (6.1) | +2% | 1.000 | 14.3 (1.3) | +1% | 1.000 |
Flat EVA | 263.0 (96.8) | +5% | 1.000 | 29.2 (7.2) | +1% | 1.000 | 14.2 (1.3) | +1% | 1.000 |