Effectiveness of interventions in reducing pain and maintaining physical activity in children and adolescents with calcaneal apophysitis (Sever’s disease): a systematic review

Table 4 PEDro scores of included studies

First Author and Year	Study design	Eligibility criteria specified.	Random allocation	Concealed allocation	Group similar at baseline	Participant blinding	Therapist blinding	Assessor blinding	<15% dropouts	Intention to treat analysis	Between group difference reported	Point estimate and variability reported	Total
Hunt, 2007[42]	Case series	Yes	X	X	✓	X	X	X	✓	✓	X	X	3/10
Kvist, 1991[41]	Retrospective case review	yes	X	X	X	X	X	X	X	N/A	X	X	0/10
Leri, 2004[43]	Case Report	No	X	X	X	X	X	X	X	✓	X	X	1/10
Micheli 1987[17]	Retrospective case review	yes	X	X	X	X	X	X	X	X	X	X	0/10
Perhamre 2011a[38]	Randomised Trial	Yes	✓	X*	X	X	X	X	✓	X	✓	✓	4/10
Perhamre 2011b[39]	Randomised Trial	Yes	✓	X *	✓	X	X	X	✓	X	✓	✓	5/10
Perhamre 2011c [40]	Randomised trial	Yes	✓	X	X	X	X	X	✓	X	✓	✓	4/10
White, 2006[44]	Case report	No	X	X	X	X	X	X	X	✓	X	X	1/10
Wooten , 1990[45]	Case Series	Yes	X	X	X	X	X	X	X	✓	X	✓	2/10

♦ Concealment was reported to be tickets concealed within a box. Minimum concealment is recommended to be as sequential numbered, opaque sealed envelope to minimise biases and confounding variables [46].
Criterion 1- Subjects were randomly allocated to groups.
Criterion 2- Allocation was concealed.
Criterion 3- The groups were similar at baseline regarding the most important prognostic indicators.
Criterion 4- There was blinding of all subjects.
Criterion 5- There was blinding of all therapists who administered the therapy.
Criterion 6- There was blinding of all assessors who measured at least one key outcome.
Criterion 7- Measure of at least one key outcome were obtained from more than 85% of the subjects initially allocated to groups.
Criterion 8- All subjects for whom outcome measures were available received treatment or control condition as allocated or when this was not the case, data for at least one key outcome was analysed by ’intention to treat‘.
Criterion 9- The results of between group statistical comparisons are reported for at least one key outcome.
Criterion 10- The study provides both point measures and measures of variability for at least one key outcome.

ISSN: 1757-1146