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Table 3 Summary of studies included

From: Effectiveness of interventions in reducing pain and maintaining physical activity in children and adolescents with calcaneal apophysitis (Sever’s disease): a systematic review

First Author, Year

Study design

Country/Population

Diagnosis *

Sample size

Treatments used

Outcome measurement

Assessment time frame

Effect of intervention

Level of evidence[37]

     

Rest

Ice

Stretch

Taping

Heel Lifts

Orthoses

Other

    

Hunt, 2007 [42]

Case series

USA

Yes

11

X

X

X

X

X

X

11 point pain scale

5 minutes

P = .001

4

9 male, 2

 

female

Aged 9-14

Kvist, 1991 [41]

Retrospective case review

Finland

Yes

67

X

Pain**

16 weeks

Not reported

3

36 Male

        

(Massage)

Activity history

31 female

Aged 8-16

Leri, 2004 [43]

Case Report

USA

Yes

1

X

X

X

Pain**

1 week

Not reported

4

1 Male

Age 11

Micheli 1987 [17]

Retrospective case review

Sweden

Yes

85

X

X

X

Symptomatic relief

48 weeks

Not reported

3

64 Male

        

mobil/activity mod

Time

21 Female

        

Activity history

7-15 years

Perhamre 2011 [38]

Randomised Trial

Sweden

Yes

35

X

X

X

X

X

Borg CR-10 Pain

8 weeks

IQR

2

35 males

P vaues

Aged 9–15 years

Perhamre 2011b [40]

Randomised Trial

Sweden

Yes

30

X

X

X

X

X

X

Borg CR-10-Pain

4 weeks

P values

2

30, 45 or 50 children

         

Endgstrom Activity level

Aged 9–15 years

Perhamre 2010c [39]

Randomised control trial

Sweden

Yes

51

X

X

X

X

X

Borg CR-10- Pain

26 weeks

P Values

2

51 males

Aged 9-15

White,

Case report

USA

Yes

1

X

X

VAS Pain

18 days

Not reported

4

2006 [44]

 

1 female

        

(NSAIDS, Heat, mobilised)

LEFS***

   
  

Aged 8

        

Strength

   
           

ROM

   

Wooten , 1990 [45]

Case Series

USA

Yes

5

   

X

X

X

Tapping padding

Pain **

4 weeks

P Values

4

  

5

  

X

    

ROM

   
  1. * Diagnosis of calcaneal apophysitis confirmed by medial and lateral compression (calcaneal squeeze test).
  2. **The pain scale utilised was not disclosed.
  3. ***LEFS- Lower extremity functional screen.