First Author, Year | Study design | Country/Population | Diagnosis * | Sample size | Treatments used | Outcome measurement | Assessment time frame | Effect of intervention | Level of evidence[37] | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Rest | Ice | Stretch | Taping | Heel Lifts | Orthoses | Other | |||||||||
Hunt, 2007 [42] | Case series | USA | Yes | 11 | X | X | X | ✓ | X | X | X | 11 point pain scale | 5 minutes | P = .001 | 4 |
9 male, 2 | |||||||||||||||
female | |||||||||||||||
Aged 9-14 | |||||||||||||||
Kvist, 1991 [41] | Retrospective case review | Finland | Yes | 67 | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | X | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | Pain** | 16 weeks | Not reported | 3 |
36 Male | (Massage) | Activity history | |||||||||||||
31 female | |||||||||||||||
Aged 8-16 | |||||||||||||||
Leri, 2004 [43] | Case Report | USA | Yes | 1 | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | X | X | X | ✓ | Pain** | 1 week | Not reported | 4 |
1 Male | |||||||||||||||
Age 11 | |||||||||||||||
Micheli 1987 [17] | Retrospective case review | Sweden | Yes | 85 | X | X | ✓ | X | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | Symptomatic relief | 48 weeks | Not reported | 3 |
64 Male | mobil/activity mod | Time | |||||||||||||
21 Female | Activity history | ||||||||||||||
7-15 years | |||||||||||||||
Perhamre 2011 [38] | Randomised Trial | Sweden | Yes | 35 | X | X | X | X | ✓ | ✓ | X | Borg CR-10 Pain | 8 weeks | IQR | 2 |
35 males | P vaues | ||||||||||||||
Aged 9–15 years | |||||||||||||||
Perhamre 2011b [40] | Randomised Trial | Sweden | Yes | 30 | X | X | X | X | X | ✓ | X | Borg CR-10-Pain | 4 weeks | P values | 2 |
30, 45 or 50 children | Endgstrom Activity level | ||||||||||||||
Aged 9–15 years | |||||||||||||||
Perhamre 2010c [39] | Randomised control trial | Sweden | Yes | 51 | X | X | X | X | ✓ | ✓ | X | Borg CR-10- Pain | 26 weeks | P Values | 2 |
51 males | |||||||||||||||
Aged 9-15 | |||||||||||||||
White, | Case report | USA | Yes | 1 | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | X | ✓ | X | ✓ | VAS Pain | 18 days | Not reported | 4 |
2006 [44] | 1 female | (NSAIDS, Heat, mobilised) | LEFS*** | ||||||||||||
Aged 8 | Strength | ||||||||||||||
ROM | |||||||||||||||
Wooten , 1990 [45] | Case Series | USA | Yes | 5 | X | X | X | Tapping padding | Pain ** | 4 weeks | P Values | 4 | |||
5 | X | ✓ | ✓ | ROM |