Neuropathic midfoot deformity: associations with ankle and subtalar joint motion

Table 2 Mean ± SD and 99% lower and upper confidence limits of goniometric and radiographic measures

	DM, PN and deformity		DM PN No deformity	Young control	Group pvalue
	Involved	Uninvolved
AJ Plantar-flexion (degree)	23 ± 11*	35 ± 15	38 ± 10	47 ± 7	< .001
AJ Plantar-flexion (degree)	15 - 30	25 - 45	32 - 45	43 - 52	< .001
AJ Dorsi-flexion (degree)	5 ± 6	7 ± 6	7 ± 5	12 ± 3	< .001
AJ Dorsi-flexion (degree)	1 - 9	3 - 10	3 - 10	9 - 14	< .001
STJ inversion (degree)	11 ± 6*	15 ± 7	15 ± 5	16 ± 3	< .001
STJ inversion (degree)	8 - 15	11 - 20	12 - 19	13 - 18	< .001
STJ eversion (degree)	5 ± 2	5 ± 3	7 ± 2	8 ± 1	< .001
STJ eversion (degree)	4 - 7	3 - 8	6 - 9	7 - 9	< .001
Talar declination angle (degree)	34 ± 9*	30 ± 5	26 ± 4	23 ± 3	< .003
Talar declination angle (degree)	28 - 40	27 - 33	23 - 28	22 - 25	< .003
Calcaneal inclination angle (degree)	11 ± 10*	16 ± 8	18 ± 9	21 ± 4	< .001
Calcaneal inclination angle (degree)	5 - 18	11 - 22	13 - 24	18 - 24	< .001

Values denoted with * are different than their paired foot, (p<0.05). DM, PN and Deformity is diabetes mellitus, peripheral neuropathy and deformity; AJ is ankle joint; STJ is subtalar joint. Group p values refers to the comparisons of the three participant groups using the average of both feet for Young Control and DM PN No Deformity groups and the Involved Foot for the DM PN Deformity group. Comparisons to the Uninvolved foot for the DM PN Deformity group were significant for AJ Plantar-flexion, AJ Dorsi-flexion, STJ Eversion and Talar Declination Angle (p <0.01).

ISSN: 1757-1146