Table 4 Significant differences between the PPH groups in ROM for the ankle/subtalar joint complex and midtarsal joint (p ≥ 0.05)
From: Foot kinematics in patients with two patterns of pathological plantar hyperkeratosis
Joint/Complex | Gait event | Cardinal Body Plane | Group 1 (PPH 2, 3 and 4) | Group 2 (PPH 1 and 5) | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
mean | St. Dev | 95% CI (upper/lower) | mean | St. Dev | 95% CI (upper/lower) | |||
Leg/heel | HC to FF | frontal | 5.1° | 2.2° | 0.8°/9.4° | 4.0° | 1.5° | 1.1°/6.9° |
FF to AN | sagittal | 9.1° | 2.5° | 4.2°/14° | 6.8° | 3.4° | 0.1°/13.5° | |
AN to HO | frontal | 1.1° | 1.8° | -2.4°/4.6° | -0.1° | 1.6° | -3.2°/3.0° | |
sagittal | 6.8° | 2.5° | 1.9°/11.7° | 9.1° | 3.4° | 2.4°/15.8° | ||
MTD to TO | sagittal | -6.6° | 2.0° | -10.5°/-2.6° | -4.9° | 2.1° | -9.0°/-0.8° | |
mid foot/heel | HC to FF | frontal | -4.1° | 1.7° | -7.4°/-0.8° | -2.4° | 1.6° | -5.5°/0.7° |
FF to AN | transverse | 0.1° | 1.4° | -2.6°/2.8° | 0.9° | 1.6° | -2.2°/4.0° | |
sagittal | 5.9° | 2.6° | 0.8°/11.0° | 3.4° | 2.4° | -1.3°/8.1° | ||
AN to HO | transverse | 1.0° | 1.3° | -1.6°/3.6° | 0.2° | 1.4° | -2.5°/2.9° | |
HO to MAD | frontal | 0.2° | 0.8° | -1.4°/1.8° | -0.9° | 1.0° | -2.9°/1.1° | |
MTD to TO | transverse | -0.2° | 1.2° | -2.6°/2.2° | 0.5° | 1.3° | -2.1°/3.1° | |
sagittal | -4.5° | 1.9° | -8.2°/-0.8° | -3.1° | 1.9° | -6.8°/0.6° | ||
First metatarsal/mid foot | FF to AN | frontal | -4.0° | 3.1° | -10.1°/2.1° | -2.0° | 2.5° | -6.9°/2.9° |
transverse | -4.4° | 4.4° | -13.0°/4.2° | -2.4° | 2.1° | -6.5°/1.7° | ||
sagittal | -3.8° | 3.3° | -10.3°/2.7° | -2.2° | 1.5° | -5.1°/0.7° | ||
MTD to TO | transverse | 1.6° | 1.3° | -1.0°/4.2° | 1.0° | 0.9° | -0.8°/2.8° | |
sagittal | 4.0° | 1.9° | 0.3°/7.7° | 2.0° | 2.0° | -1.9°/5.9° | ||
1st MPJ | MTD to TO | frontal | -0.6° | 2.5° | -5.5°/4.3° | -2.0° | 2.4° | -6.7°/2.7° |