Table 3 Significant differences between the PPH groups in angular displacement for the ankle/subtalar joint complex and midtarsal joint p ≥ 0.05.
From: Foot kinematics in patients with two patterns of pathological plantar hyperkeratosis
Joint/Complex | Gait event | Cardinal Body Plane | Group 1 (PPH 2, 3 and 4) | Group 2 (PPH 1 and 5) | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
mean | St. Dev | 95% CI (upper/lower) | mean | St. Dev | 95% CI (upper/lower) | |||
Leg/Heel | HC | frontal | -5.4° | 2.7° | -10.7°/-0.17° | -3.1° | 2.9° | -8.8°/2.6° |
FF | sagittal | -9.2° | 2.4° | -13.9°/-4.5° | 3.3° | 3.3° | -3.2°/9.8° | |
AN | frontal | 0.9° | 1.7° | -2.4°/4.2° | 2.4° | 2.3° | -2.1°/6.9° | |
transverse | -1.1° | 2.6° | -6.2°/4.0° | 1.5° | 3.2° | -4.8°/7.8° | ||
HO | transverse | -0.4° | 2.3° | -4.9°/4.1° | 1.5° | 3.5° | -5.4°/8.4° | |
sagittal | 6.7° | 2.5° | 1.8°/11.6° | 8.9° | 3.3° | 2.4°/15.4° | ||
MAD | transverse | -2.1° | 3.1° | -8.2°/4.0° | 0.1° | 3.7° | -7.2°/7.4° | |
sagittal | 9.3° | 2.9° | 3.6°/15.0° | 11.5° | 3.3° | 5.0°/18.0° | ||
MTD | transverse | -6.1° | 3.7° | -13.4°/1.2° | -3.8° | 3.9° | -11.4°/3.8° | |
TO | sagittal | -9.0° | 4.4° | -17.6°/-0.4° | -5.1° | 5.2° | -15.3°/5.1° | |
Mid foot/Heel | HC | sagittal | -9.3° | 3.1° | -15.4°/-3.2° | -6.2° | 2.4° | -10.9°/-1.5° |
FF | frontal | -3.4° | 2.5° | -9.0°/0.8° | -1.6° | 3.0° | -8.3°/3.5° | |
sagittal | -5.7° | 2.4° | -10.4°/-1.0° | -2.9° | 3.2° | -9.2°/3.4° | ||
MTD | sagittal | -10.8° | 5.0° | -20.6°/-1.0° | 2.9° | 2.9° | -2.8°/8.6° | |
TO | sagittal | -15.3° | 4.9° | -24.9°/-5.7° | -11.1 | 3.2° | -3.1°/9.5° | |
First metatarsal/Mid foot | HC | transverse | 4.2° | 4.2° | -4.0°/12.4° | 1.6° | 3.0° | -4.3°/7.5° |
sagittal | 0.9° | 3.9° | -6.7°/8.5° | -0.9° | 3.6° | -8.0°/6.2° | ||
TO | sagittal | 3.5° | 3.3° | -3.0°/10.0° | 1.5° | 3.4° | -5.2°/8.2° | |