Table 8 Mean differences and statistical significance for kinetic variables for shod and barefoot running.
From: Effect of children's shoes on gait: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Variable | Shoe Condition | Authors | n | Weighting | Mean difference [95%CI] | Statistical significance: z Score (P) | Heterogeneity: I 2% |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Max vertical impact force (BW) | Athletic | Alcantara et al. [21] (girls) | 4 | 49.4% | -0.32 [-0.42, -0.22] | - | - |
Athletic | Alcantara et al. [21] (boys) | 4 | 50.6% | 0.05 [-0.01, 0.11] | - | - | |
Athletic | Pooled effect | 8 | 100.0% | -0.13 [-0.50, 0.23] | 0.72 (P = 0.47) | 97% | |
Walking | Alcantara et al. [21] (girls) | 4 | 49.9% | -0.16 [-0.22, -0.10] | - | - | |
Walking | Alcantara et al. [21] (boys) | 4 | 50.1% | -0.68 [-0.73, -0.63] | - | - | |
Walking | Pooled effect | 8 | 100.0% | -0.42 [-0.93, 0.09] | 1.62 (P = 0.11) | 99% | |
Rate of load at impact (BW/s) | Athletic | Alcantara et al. [21] (girls) | 4 | 49.5% | -139.71 [-161.60, -117.82] | - | - |
Athletic | Alcantara et al. [21] (boys) | 4 | 50.5% | -43.64 [-56.16, -31.12] | - | - | |
Athletic | Pooled effect | 8 | 100.0% | -91.24 [-185.38, 2.90] | 1.90 (P = 0.06) | 98% | |
Walking | Alcantara et al. [21] (girls) | 4 | 49.6% | -146.63 [-168.67, -124.59] | - | - | |
Walking | Alcantara et al. [21] (boys) | 4 | 50.4% | -41.88 [-54.47, -29.29] | - | - | |
Walking | Pooled effect | 8 | 100.0% | -93.85 [-196.50, 8.80] | 1.79 (P = 0.07) | 98% | |
Long axis max tibial acceleration (g) | Athletic | Alcantara et al. [21] (girls) | 4 | 49.9% | -2.16 [-2.61, -1.71] | - | - |
Athletic | Alcantara et al. [21] (boys) | 4 | 50.1% | -0.94 [-1.37, -0.51] | - | - | |
Athletic | Pooled effect | 8 | 100.0% | -1.55 [-2.74, -0.35] | 2.54 (P = 0.01) | 93% | |
Walking | Alcantara et al. [21] (girls) | 4 | 49.7% | -2.65 [-3.12, -2.18] | - | - | |
Walking | Alcantara et al. [21] (boys) | 4 | 50.3% | -1.67 [-2.11, -1.23] | - | - | |
Walking | Pooled effect | 8 | 100.0% | -2.16 [-3.12, -1.20] | 4.40 (P < 0.0001) | 89% | |
Rate of tibia acceleration (g/s) | Athletic | Alcantara et al. [21] (girls) | 4 | 50.6% | -252.59 [-292.21, -212.97] | - | - |
Athletic | Alcantara et al. [21] (boys) | 4 | 49.4% | -135.17 [-181.84, -88.50] | - | - | |
Athletic | Pooled effect | 8 | 100.0% | -194.56 [-309.62, -79.49] | 3.31 (P = 0.0009) | 93% | |
Walking | Alcantara et al. [21] (girls) | 4 | 56.4% | -261.63 [-302.88, -220.38] | - | - | |
Walking | Alcantara et al. [21] (boys) | 4 | 43.6% | -145.83 [-192.73, -98.93] | - | - | |
Walking | Pooled effect | 8 | 100.0% | -211.13 [-242.11, -180.16] | 13.36 (P < 0.00001) | 92% | |
Shock wave transmission as a ratio of maximum acceleration (g/BW) | Athletic | Alcantara et al. [21] (girls) | 4 | 54.8% | -0.35 [-0.57, -0.13] | - | - |
Athletic | Alcantara et al. [21] (boys) | 4 | 45.2% | -0.59 [-0.86, -0.32] | - | - | |
Athletic | Pooled effect | 8 | 100.0% | -0.46 [-0.69, -0.22] | 3.84 (P = 0.0001) | 45% | |
Walking | Alcantara et al. [21] (girls) | 4 | 50.1% | -0.14 [-0.40, 0.12] | - | - | |
Walking | Alcantara et al. [21] (boys) | 4 | 49.9% | -0.78 [-1.05, -0.51] | - | - | |
Walking | Pooled effect | 8 | 100.0% | -0.46 [-1.09, 0.17] | 1.43 (P = 0.15) | 91% |