Effect of children's shoes on gait: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Table 4 Mean differences and statistical significance for spatio-temporal variables for shod and barefoot running.

Variable	Shoe Condition	Authors	n	Weighting	Mean difference [95%CI]	Statistical significance: z Score (P)	Heterogeneity: I ²%
Running velocity (m/s)	Unknown	Lieberman et al. [25]	17	100.0%	-0.20 [-0.54, 0.14]	1.17 (P = 0.24)	N/A
Sprinting velocity (m/s)	Unknown	Tazuke [26]	4	100.0%	-0.16 [-0.77, 0.45]	0.52 (P = 0.60)	N/A

A negative mean difference value indicates a decrease during shod running compared to barefoot running. N/A indicates not applicable

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