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Table 8 Summary of shorter-term results for changes in mean pain scores comparing groups receiving stretches versus those receiving another intervention

From: The effectiveness of manual stretching in the treatment of plantar heel pain: a systematic review

 

Outcome

Group

Baseline score

(+/- SD)

Follow up score

(+/- SD)

Change in mean score

(+/- SD if available)

Between group difference

(p value)

Hyland [17]

10 point visual analogue

Stretching

6.3 (0.8)

4.6 (0.7)

#-1.7

0.006

 

scale at 1 week

Calcaneal taping

7.0 (0.8)

2.7 (1.8)

#-4.3

 

Sharma [20]

10 point visual analogue

Stretching

#5.3 ## (2.3)

3.5 ## (3.0)

#1.75

Not stated

 

scale at 4 weeks

Bracing

#5.0 ## (0.8)

3.75 ## (2.3)

#1.25

Not stated

  1. Abbreviations: SD = standard deviation.
  2. #Calculated by current authors or estimated from charts
  3. ## Current authors estimation from charts and converting standard error to standard deviation (SD = SE√n)