The effectiveness of manual stretching in the treatment of plantar heel pain: a systematic review

Table 11 Summary of changes in mean functional scores for groups receiving different types of stretches

	Outcome	Group	Baseline score (+/- SD)	Follow up score (+/- SD)	Change in mean score (+/- SD) if available	Between group difference (p value)
Giovanni [15]	Function Index	Weight bearing, Achilles stretch	Not stated	Not stated	-8.3 ^##(16.6)	0.058
	(0 = full function)	Non weight bearing, plantar fascia stretch	Not stated	Not stated	-19.6 ^## (18.7)
Porter [14]	Foot and ankle function score	Sustained	68.8 (19.9)	82.5 (18.7)	^#13.7
	(100 = full function)	Intermittent	62.3 (19.7)	88.5 (14.2)	^#26.2	>0.05

Abbreviations: SD = standard deviation, SE = standard error.
^#Calculated by current authors or estimated from charts
^## Current authors estimation from charts and converting standard error to standard deviation (SD = SE√n)

ISSN: 1757-1146