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Table 1 Modified Downs and Black Quality Index results, and inter-rater reliability for each item and total score
| Prospective (P) or retrospective case-control (R) study | (1) Clear aim/hypothesis | (2) Outcome measures clearly described | (3) Participant characteristics clearly described | (5) Confounding variables (age, gender, BMI/height/weight and participant activity levels) described | (6) Main findings clearly described | (7) Measures of random variability provided | (10) Actual probability values reported | (11) Participants asked to participate representative of entire population | (12) Participants prepared to participate representative of entire population | (15) Blinding of outcome assessor | (16) Analyses performed were planned | (18) Appropriate statistics | (20) Valid and reliable outcome measures | (21) Appropriate case-control matching (same population) | (22) Participants recruited over the same period of time | (25) Adjustment made for confounding factors | Total | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Azevedo et al. [27] | R | 1 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 1 | U | U | U | 1 | 1 | U | U | U | 1 | 11 |
| Baur et al. [11] | R | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | U | U | U | 1 | 1 | U | U | U | U | 4 |
| Donoghue et al. [34] | R | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | U | 1 | 1 | U | U | U | 0 | 7 |
| Donoghue et al. [33] | R | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | U | 1 | 1 | U | U | U | 0 | 8 |
| Kaufman et al. [19] | P | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | U | 1 | 1 | 1 | U | 1 | 1 | 0 | 13 |
| McCrory et al. [25] | R | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | U | U | U | 1 | 1 | U | U | U | 1 | 8 |
| Ryan et al. [35] | R | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | U | U | U | 1 | 1 | U | 1 | U | 1 | 10 |
| Williams et al. [24] | R | 1 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 1 | U | U | 0 | 1 | 1 | U | U | U | 1 | 11 |
| Van Ginckel et al. [2] | P | 1 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | U | 1 | 1 | 1 | U | 1 | 1 | 1 | 15 |
| % agreement | 100.0 | 100.0 | 100.0 | 77.8 | 88.9 | 88.9 | 88.9 | 88.9 | 88.9 | 77.8 | 88.9 | 88.9 | 100.0 | 77.8 | 100.0 | 88.9 | ||
| Reliability | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 0.63 | 0.61 | 0.61 | 0.77 | 0.82 | 0.74 | 0.57 | Uc | Uc | 1.00 | 0.63 | 1.00 | 0.80 | 0.98 (0.905-0.995) |
