From: Radiographic correlates of hallux valgus severity in older people
 | Manchester Scale, mean (SD) unless otherwise stated | ANOVA unless otherwise stated | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Variable | 0 (n = 144, 35.8%) | 1 (n = 134, 33.3%) | 2 (n = 87, 21.7%) | 3 (n = 37, 9.2%) | Fdf | p-value |
Hallux abductus angle | 11.3 (6.7) § | 14.3 (6.7) § | 25.4 (7.8) § | 37.3 (9.5) § | 169.63,398 | <0.001 |
Hallux abductus interphalangeal angle | 17.3 (6.9) †‡ | 17.1 (7.3) # ‡ | 14.2 (7.3) * # | 11.1 (7.7) * # | 10.23,398 | <0.001 |
Proximal articular set angle | 5.5 (4.1) § | 7.6 (5.5) § | 13.6 (6.5) § | 20.4 (9.2) § | 86.13,398 | <0.001 |
Intermetatarsal angle | 7.9 (2.1) †‡ | 8.3 (2.4) †‡ | 10.6 (3.1) § | 13.3 (4.1) § | 51.63,398 | <0.001 |
Four grade sesamoid scale - median (range) | 0 (0-2) | 1 (0-2) | 2 (0-3) | 3 (1-3) | χ2 9df = 242.1 | <0.001 |
Seven position sesamoid scale - median (range) | 2 (1-5) | 3 (1-5) | 4 (1-7) | 6 (3-7) | χ2 18df = 254.5 | <0.001 |
Difference in lengths of first and second metatarsals (+ve indicates longer first metatarsal) | 0.3 (3.0) †‡ | 1.1 (3.3) ‡ | 2.1 (2.3) * ‡ | 4.2 (3.6) § | 17.63,398 | <0.001 |
Metatarsus adductus angle | 18.3 (6.2) | 17.3 (6.2) | 18.0 (5.5) | 19.1 (6.7) | 1.23,398 | 0.314 |
Simplified metatarsus adductus angle | 21.5 (6.9) | 21.2 (6.3) ‡ | 22.3 (5.4) | 24.5 (8.5) # | 2.83,398 | 0.038 |
Hallux abductus angle (Miller) | 10.6 (6.3) § | 13.2 (6.3) § | 23.6 (7.6) § | 35.6 (9.3) § | 169.33,398 | <0.001 |
Distal articular set angle | 7.0 (4.1) | 7.0 (4.5) | 6.4 (5.4) | 6.0 (3.9) | 1.13,398 | 0.324 |
Congruency of first MPJ - median (range) | 0 (0-2) | 1 (0-3) | 1 (0-3) | 3 (1-3) | χ2 18df = 266.0 | <0.001 |
First metatarsal declination angle | 20.1 (4.0) | 19.6 (3.7) | 19.6 (3.7) | 19.0 (3.5) | 0.93,398 | 0.418 |
Lateral intermetatarsal angle | 2.5 (3.8) | 2.5 (3.5) | 2.6 (4.0) | 1.5 (3.4) | 0.73,398 | 0.577 |
Calcaneal inclination angle | 20.6 (5.4) | 19.4 (5.5) | 20.4 (5.7) | 19.6 (5.4) | 1.23,398 | 0.305 |
Navicular height/truncated foot length | 0.192 (0.038) †‡ | 0.184 (0.034) | 0.176 (0.029) * | 0.170 (.038) * | 5.73,398 | 0.001 |
Osteoarthritis of first MPJ (% OA within group) | 44/144 (31%) | 51/134 (38%) | 48/87 (55%) | 30/37 (81%) | χ2 3df = 37.6 | <0.001 |
Round first metatarsal head (% round within group) | 42/144 (29%) | 46/134 (34%) | 56/87 (64%) | 32/37 (87%) | χ2 3df = 59.8 | <0.001 |