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Table 2 Selected results from studies using 3D scanners to measure anthropometric changes in the foot under weight bearing conditions.

From: The use of 3D surface scanning for the measurement and assessment of the human foot

  

Percentage change in parameter

 

Foot shape parameter

Load

Houston et al (40 feet) [38]

Tsung et al (16 feet) [39]

Xiong et al (60 feet) [40]

Mean

Length

HWB

+1.7%

+2.7%

+1.1% (M 1.1%, F1.1%)

+1.53%

 

FWB

+2.2%

+3.4%

+1.4% (M1.3%; F1.5%)

+1.95%

Ball width

HWB

+3.8%

+2.9%

+2.2% (M2.6%; F 1.7%)

+2.85%

 

FWB

+4.3%

+6%

+2.6% (M3.1%; F2%)

+3.66%

Heel width

HWB

+4.8%

+5.9%

+1.1% (M1.4%; F0.8%)

+3.04%

 

FWB

+4.8%

+8.7%

+1.6% (M1.8%; F1.3%)

+3.68%

  1. Percentage changes relate to baseline measurements taken of the unloaded foot, HWB: half weight bearing; FWB: full weight bearing.