Table 1 Characteristics of participants with and without calcaneal spurs.
From: Plantar calcaneal spurs in older people: longitudinal traction or vertical compression?
| Â | Calcaneal spur absent (n = 97) | Calcaneal spur present (n = 119) |
|---|---|---|
Age (years) | 76.2 (7.0) | 75.8 (6.2) |
Female – n (%) | 64 (66) | 76 (64) |
Obese – n (%) | 9 (9) | 53 (45)* |
Major medical conditions – n (%) |  |  |
   Osteoarthritis | 57 (59) | 94 (80)* |
   Rheumatoid arthritis | 5 (5) | 2 (2) |
   Diabetes mellitus | 15 (16) | 17 (14) |
   Stroke | 6 (6) | 3 (3) |
   Peripheral vascular disease | 12 (12) | 15 (13) |
   Hypertension | 54 (56) | 76 (64) |
Current or previous heel pain – n (%) | 12 (12) | 47 (40)* |
Achilles tendon spur – n (%) | 37 (38) | 66 (56)* |
Radiographic foot posture measures | Â | Â |
   Calcaneal inclination angle (°) | 21.2 (5.1) | 20.4 (6.1) |
   Calcaneal-first metatarsal angle (°) | 132.5 (7.5) | 133.8 (8.9) |
   Navicular height (mm) | 30.2 (5.2) | 30.9 (6.3) |