Table 2 Quality assessment of included articles (adapted from Downs & Black [49])
From: Effect of foot orthoses on lower extremity kinetics during running: a systematic literature review
| Â | Reference: | [51] | [52] | [58] | [53] | [54] | [60] | [55] | [59] | [56] | [57] |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | Is the hypothesis/aim of the study clearly described ? | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
2 | Are the main outcomes to be measured clearly described in the Introduction or Methods section ? | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
3 | Are the characteristics of the patients included in the study clearly described ? | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
4 | Are the interventions of interest clearly described ? | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
5 | Are the main findings of the study clearly described ? | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
6 | Does the study provide estimates of the random variability in the data for the main outcomes ? | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
7 | Have actual probability values been reported (e.g. 0.035 rather than <0.05) for the main outcomes except where the probability value is less than 0.001 ? | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 |
8 | Were the subjects asked to participate in the study representative of the entire population from which they were recruited ? | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 |
9 | Were those subjects who were prepared to participate representative of the entire population from which they were recruited ? | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 |
10 | Was an attempt made to blind study subjects to the intervention they have received ? | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
11 | Was an attempt made to blind those measuring the main outcomes of the intervention ? | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
12 | If any of the results of the study were based on "data dredging", was this made clear ? | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
13 | Were the statistical tests used to assess the main outcomes appropriate ? | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
14 | Were the main outcome measures used accurate (valid and reliable) ? | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
15 | Were study subjects randomised to intervention groups ? | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 |
| Â | Quality Index Score (max score = 15) | 10 | 8 | 10 | 11 | 10 | 6 | 11 | 9 | 11 | 10 |
| Â | Quality Index % | 67 | 53 | 67 | 73 | 67 | 40 | 73 | 60 | 73 | 67 |