Table 2 Recurrence definitions
Ahsan (2019) [27] | No definition provided |
Akkus (2018) [28] | No definition provided |
AlGhamdi (2014) [29] | No definition provided |
Altinyazar (2010) [30] | Recurrence was defined as occurrence of any clinical sign of regrowth of the treated nail edge, such as pain, discomfort, erythema, or drainage. Spicule formation, which shows the inadequate destruction of the germinal matrix, was also accepted as recurrence |
Alvarez-Jimenez (2011) [31] | Recurrence rate was evaluated as growth of the released nail (or of a piece of the released nail) even though that recurrent nail might be asymptomatic |
Anderson (1990) [32] | Recurrence was defined as any evidence of nail growth |
Andre (2018) [33] | Recurrence was defined as the presence of a nail spicule or any sign of ingrowing nail |
Awad (2020) [34] | No definition provided |
Bos (2007) [35] | No definition applied at the study start; applied definition to see the impact on study results “If regrowth or spike formation at the site of the removed part of the nail was also considered as recurrence, together with recurrence of IGTN, the effect of antibiotics was not significant (P = 0·876) and phenolization remained significantly better than matrix excision (P < 0·001). The increase in number of recurrences when this definition was applied was mainly due to the significantly higher chance of nail regrowth when matrix excision was used (P = 0·019) |
Ceren (2013) [36] | No definition provided |
Cordoba-Fernandez (2015) [37] | Recurrence rate–was considered present when there was symptomatic regrowth (including nail spicules/inclusion cysts) or asymptomatic nail spikes after a minimum post-operative follow-up of 1 year |
Gem (1990) a [22] | Unclear in their reporting of recurrence recording the ‘number symptom-free’ |
Gem (1990) b [23] | Unclear in their reporting of recurrence recording the ‘number symptom-free’ |
Gerritsma-Bleeker (2002) [38] | Recurrence was defined as evidence of ingrowth of the nail edge or spicule formation |
Greig (1991) [39] | Recurrence was defined as evidence of ingrowth of the nail edge or spicule formation |
Habeeb (2020) [40] | No definition provided |
Hamid (2021) [25] | No definition provided |
Issa (1998) [41] | Recurrence was defined by the presence of nail growth on the affected side, whether or not symptomatic, i.e. an asymptomatic nail spike was considered a recurrence |
Kavoussi (2020) [42] | No definition provided |
Khan (2014) [43] | No definition provided |
Kim (2015) [44] | No definition provided |
Korkmaz (2013) [45] | No definition provided |
Kruijff (2008) [46] | Recurrence was defined as evidence of ingrowth of the nail edge or spicule formation |
Leahy (1990) [47] | Number of spicules or spiked regrowth’s of nail occurring at the nail bed edge, remote from the main nail |
Misiak (2014) [48] | No definition provided |
Morkane (1984) [49] | Number of nail spikes out of total procedures |
Muriel-Sánchez (2020) [50] | To measure recurrence, a relapse of clinical reappearance during a follow-up of a minimum of six months was considered. Likewise, the growth of an asymptomatic nail spicule was regarded as a post-operatory sequel and not as a recurrence |
Muriel-Sánchez (2021) [51] | The growth of asymptomatic nail spicule was considered a sequel and not a recurrence |
Peyvandi (2011) [52] | No definition provided |
Shaath (2005) [53] | No definition provided |
Tatlican (2009) [20] | Recurrence was defined as the formation of a new nail particule and the presence of any sign related with the re-ingrowth of the operated nail such as pain, erythema or spicule formation |
Uygur (2016) [54] | No definition applied at the study start; applied definition to see the impact on study results “Had recurrence been defined as a need for repeat surgery, the recurrence rate of the group treated using our new technique would be zero” |
Van der Ham (1990) [55] | No definition provided |
Varma (1983) [26] | Symptomatic recurrence was defined as recurrence of a nail spike associated with persistent discomfort, pain and/or inflammation over a period of at least 8 weeks, for which the patient opted to have another operation |
Wallace (1979) [24] | Unclear in their reporting of recurrence recording the ‘number of successes/number of failures’ |