Table 1 Summary of study characteristics
From: Dynamic foot function as a risk factor for lower limb overuse injury: a systematic review
| Â | Population | Observation period (activity, duration) | Injury outcome | Injured group | Uninjured group | Gait assessment | Foot function measure | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
N total (n females) | Age (mean ± SD) | N total (n females) | Age (mean ± SD) | ||||||
Hesar et al., [38] | Athletics club members | 3 running sessions/week; 10 weeks | LL overuse injury | 27 (22) | 41 ± 8 | 104 (89) | 39 ± 11 | Barefoot; 15 m runway; self-selected running speed | Plantar loading (Footscan) |
Hetsroni et al., [27] | Military personal | 4Â month basic training course | Patellofemoral pain | NR | NR | NR | NR | Barefoot; treadmill running at 5Â km/hr | Rearfoot kinematics (Ariel Dynamics Inc.) |
Hetsroni et al., [39] | Military personal | 4Â month basic training course | Tibial and femoral stress fractures | Dependent on outcome variable investigated | NR | Dependent on outcome variable investigated | NR | Barefoot; treadmill running at 5Â km/hr | Rearfoot kinematics (Ariel Dynamics Inc.) |
Kaufman et al., [29] | Military personal | 25 week training course | LL overuse injury | Dependent on outcome variable investigated | NR | Dependent on outcome variable investigated | NR | Boots and barefoot; self-selected walking speed (no mean or range presented) | Plantar pressure ratios – dynamic arch index (<4.14 cavus, >8.10 planus) |
Noehren et al., [40] | Female runners | Individual non-specified running programs over a 2 year period | Iliotibial band syndrome | 18 (18) | 26 | Dependent on outcome variable investigated | 28 | ‘Standard running shoe’; running along a 25 runway at a speed of 3.7 m/s | Rearfoot kinematics (Vicon) |
Noehren et al., [46] | Female runners | Individual non-specified running programs over a 2 year period | Patellofemoral pain | 15 (15) | 27 ± 10 | 15 (15) | 27 ± 10 | ‘Standard running shoe’ (Nike, Pegasus); running along a 25 run way at a speed of 3.7 m/s | Rearfoot kinematics (Vicon) |
Sharma et al., [41] | Male infantry recruits | 26Â week military training | Medial tibial stress syndrome | 37 (0) | NR | 239 (0) | NR | Barefoot; self selected walking speed (no mean or range presented) | Plantar loading (Footscan) |
Thijs et al., [42] | Novice recreational runners | 10 week start to run programme | Patellofemoral pain | 17 (16) | 39 ± 10 | 85 (NR) | 37 ± 9 | Barefoot; walking at a self-chosen, moderate velocity (no mean or range presented) | Plantar loading (Footscan) |
Thijs et al., [43] | Military personal | 6 week basic military training | Patellofemoral pain | 36 (19) | 19 ± 2 | 48 (NR) | 19 ± 1 | Barefoot; walking at a self-chosen, moderate velocity (no mean or range presented) | Plantar loading (Footscan) |
Van Ginckel et al., [44] | Novice runners | 10 week start to run programme | Achilles tendinopathy | 10 (2) | 38 ± 11 | 53 (45) | 40 ± 9 | Barefoot; self-selected jogging pace (no mean or range presented) | Plantar loading (Footscan) |
Willems et al., [35] | Physical education students | University physical education course | LL overuse injury | 46 (29) | NR | 167 (NR) | NR | Barefoot; 3.3Â m/s within a boundary of 0.17Â m/s | Plantar loading (Footscan)/ankle, knee and hip kinematics and kinetics (Proreflex) |
Willems et al., [45] | Physical education students | University physical education course | LL overuse injury | 46 (29) | NR | 167 (NR) | NR | ‘Neutral running shoe’; 3.3 m/s within a boundary of 0.17 m/s | Plantar loading (Footscan)/ankle, knee and hip kinematics and kinetics (Proreflex) |