Measurement of three-dimensional morphological characteristics of the calcaneus using CT image post-processing

Table 2 Three-dimensional morphological parameters of the normal calcaneus

	All (n = 179)			Male (n = 83)			Female (n = 96)			pValue^*
	Mean ± SD	Min	Max	Mean ± SD	Min	Max	Mean ± SD	Min	Max	pValue^*
LCA (mm)	74.2 ± 6.0	64.2	85.9	80.0 ± 3.4	71.3	85.9	69.2 ± 1.9	64.2	74.3	<0.001
HPF (mm)	28.5 ± 3.2	23.8	35.1	31.5 ± 1.8	28.5	35.1	25.9 ± 1.1	23.8	28.2	<0.001
LPF (mm)	25.3 ± 3.9	19.5	34.5	28.6 ± 2.9	24.3	34.5	22.4 ± 1.8	19.5	27.2	<0.001
LAP (mm)	21.0 ± 1.6	17.5	24.2	21.1 ± 1.6	18.5	24.2	20.8 ± 1.5	17.5	23.5	0.374
HAP (mm)	27.2 ± 3.5	22.4	33.6	30.4 ± 1.8	27.2	33.6	24.4 ± 1.7	22.4	29.8	<0.001
GA (deg)	125.4 ± 6.2	110	144	127.7 ± 6.4	113	144	123.5 ± 5.4	110	135	<0.001
BA (deg)	34.8 ± 5.3	23	45	39.6 ± 2.6	33	45	30.7 ± 3.2	23	39	<0.001
APF (cm²)	13.6 ± 1.2	11.1	16.2	14.5 ± 1.0	11.9	16.2	12.9 ± 1.0	11.1	14.6	<0.001
AMF (cm²)	5.6 ± 0.6	4.7	7.4	6.1 ± 0.5	5.5	7.4	5.2 ± 0.3	4.7	6.5	<0.001

^* P values for gender differences were from ANCOVA using body height as the covariate.
LCA = length of calcaneal axis; HPF = height of posterior facet; LPF = length of posterior facet; LAP = length of anterior process; HAP = height of anterior process; GA = Gissane's angle; BA = Böhler's angle; APF = area of posterior facet; AMF = area of middle facet.

ISSN: 1757-1146